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Öğe Energy Efficient Improving Routing Model for UAVs Assisted Vehicular Adhoc Networks(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Alsalamy, A.; Abedi, F.; Abbas, F.H.; Noori, M.S.; Alkhafaji, M.A.; Alkhayyat, A.; Alani, S.Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) have widespread applications in intelligent transportation systems, serving diverse purposes. These networks are characterized by their dynamic nature, which unfortunately leads to communication instability, causing increased energy consumption, delays, and routing overhead. To overcome obstacles at ground level, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are introduced, enabling data transmission through an aerial medium, free from ground-level obstructions. However, for effective communication in UAV-assisted VANETs, a reliable routing protocol is essential. This paper proposes an improved routing model for UAV-assisted VANETs, called IUAVA-RP, which employs parameter-based routing and optimal path selection. The optimal path selection is performed using a decision-making process, resulting in highly effective and optimal routing for efficient data transmission. The proposed IUAVA-RP protocol is simulated using NS2 and SUMO, and its performance analysis includes parameters such as: energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and routing overhead. Comparative analysis is conducted with two existing protocols, HGFA-RP and AOMDV-RP. The results demonstrate that the proposed IUAVA-RP protocol achieves higher energy efficiency and packet delivery ratio, as well as lower end-to-end delay and routing overhead compared to the earlier protocols. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe An overview of challenges for data dissemination and routing protocols in VANETs(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Hamdi, M.M.; Al-Dosary, O.A.R.; Alrawi, O.A.S.; Mustafa, A.S.; Abood, M.S.; Noori, M.S.The Vehicle Ad-hoc Network (VANET) represents a developing and emerging intelligent transport technology (ITS) technology that allows interaction between vehicles (V2V) through various IEEE standards, such as IEEE 802.11p. VANET's high mobility of nodes generates major challenges when routing packets through the main target node that must be addressed with various routing protocols. Take that into consideration. In this review paper, we study three sections to describe this review. In the first section, we will explain the principle of data dissemination. In the second section, we will classification and explain the routing protocols for all their types. Finally, we will discuss the challenges for VANETs, data dissemination, and routing protocols. © 2021 IEEE.