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Öğe Age Estimation Using Machine Learning Algorithms with Parameters Obtained from X-ray Images of the Calcaneus(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Ciftci, R.; Secgin, Y.; Oner, Z.; Toy, S.; Oner, S.Background:Determination of bone age is a critical issue for forensics, surgery, and basic sciences.Aim:This study aims to estimate age with high accuracy and precision using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms with parameters obtained from calcaneus x-ray images of healthy individuals.Method:The study was carried out by retrospectively examining the foot X-ray images of 341 people aged 18-65 years. Maximum width of the calcaneus (MW), body width (BW), maximum length (MAXL), minimum length (MINL), facies articularis cuboidea height (FACH), maximum height (MAXH), and tuber calcanei width (TKW) parameters were measured from the images. The measurements were then grouped as 20-45 years of age, 46-64 years of age, 65 and older, and age estimation was made by using these at the input of ML models.Results:As a result of the ML input of the measurements obtained, a 0.85 Accuracy (Acc) rate was obtained with the Extra Tree Classifier algorithm. The accuracy rate of other algorithms was found to vary between 0.78 and 0.82. The contribution of parameters to the overall result was evaluated by using the shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analyzer of Random Forest algorithm and the MAXH parameter was found to have the highest contribution in age estimation.Conclusions:As a result of our study, calcaneus bone was found to have high accuracy and precision in age estimations.Öğe Evaluation of Hand Morphometry in Healthy Young Individuals from Different Countries(Universidad de la Frontera, 2024) Sahin, N.E.; Bakici, R.S.; Toy, S.; Oner, Z.This study aims to examine the hand morphometry of healthy young individuals from different countries and investigate the differences between countries in typing of hand based on the morphometric values obtained. In the study, 16 different parameters, including two surface areas and 14 lengths, were measured from the right hand of 579 volunteers (250 females, 329 males) from 7 different countries (Turkey, Chad, Morocco, Gabon, Kazakhstan, Senegal and Syria). Factor analysis was performed on the parameters, cluster analysis was performed according to the factor score obtained, and the hand types in the study were determined. As a result of the study, four different hand types were defined, and the distribution of these types according to countries was analyzed. All parameters showed significant differences between countries in both genders (p<0.05). According to the results of the study, there was a difference between male and female hand types between countries. In females, the type 1 hand type was found only in Gabon, the type 2 hand type was found only in Senegal, the type 3 hand type was found in Turkey, Morocco and Kazakhstan, while the type 4 hand type was significantly distributed in Senegal and Gabon (X2 =104.62; df=18, p<0.05). In males, type 1 hand type was found in Turkey, type 2 hand type in Senegal and Gabon, type 3 hand type in Turkey, while type 4 hand type was significantly distributed in Morocco and Kazakhstan (X2 =76.964; df=18, p<0.05). © 2024, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.Öğe Gender Estimation from Morphometric Measurements of Mandibular Lingula by Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Senol, D.; Bodur, F.; Secgin, Y.; Sencan, D.; Duman, Sb; Oner, Z.Background:Sex determination from the bones is of great importance for forensic medicine and anthropology. The mandible is highly valued because it is the strongest, largest and most dimorphic bone in the skull.Aim:Our aim in this study is gender estimation with morphometric measurements taken from mandibular lingula, an important structure on the mandible, by using machine learning algorithms and artificial neural networks.Methods:Cone beam computed tomography images of the mandibular lingula were obtained by retrospective scanning from the Picture Archiving Communication Systems of the Department of Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, & Idot;n & ouml;n & uuml; University. Images scanned in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format were transferred to RadiAnt DICOM Viewer (Version: 2020.2). The images were converted to 3-D format by using the 3D Volume Rendering console of the program. Eight anthropometric parameters were measured bilaterally from these 3-D images based on the mandibular lingula.Results:The results of the machine learning algorithms analyzed showed that the highest accuracy was 0.88 with Random Forest and Gaussian Naive Bayes algorithm. Accuracy rates of other parameters ranged between 0.78 and 0.88.Conclusions:As a result of the study, it is thought that mandibular lingula-centered morphometric measurements can be used for gender determination as well as bones such as the pelvis and skull as they were found to be highly accurate. This study also provides information on the anatomical position of the lingula according to gender in Turkish society. The results can be important for oral-dental surgeons, anthropologists, and forensic experts.Öğe The protective and therapeutic effects of linalool against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar albino rats(Sage Publications Ltd, 2019) Oner, Z.; Altinoz, E.; Elbe, H.; Ekinci, N.The aim of the present study was to determine the protective and therapeutic effects of linalool (LIN) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats histologically and biochemically. In experiments, 64 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 8). These groups were control (C) (0.9% saline solution), DOX (20 mg/kg DOX), LIN50 (50 mg/kg LIN), LIN100 (100 mg/kg LIN), DOX + LIN50 (20 mg/kg DOX and 50 mg/kg LIN), DOX + LIN100 (20 mg/kg DOX and 100 mg/kg LIN), LIN50 + DOX (50 mg/kg LIN and 20 mg/kg DOX), and LIN100 + DOX (100 mg/kg LIN and 20 mg/kg DOX). It was determined that necrosis and extensive inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the DOX group. It was determined that histopathological changes significantly decreased in groups treated with LIN after DOX administration. While the caspase-3 immunostaining was highly evident in DOX group apoptotic cells (p < 0.001, for all), the intensity of caspase-3 immunostaining in the treatment groups decreased (p < 0.05). While DOX administration resulted in a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and plasma Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in cardiac tissue when compared to the C groups, it was observed that DOX + LIN administration led to a significant decrease in MDA, plasma CK and LDH levels and a significant increase in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzyme levels. Finally, it was concluded that DOX led to heavy cardiotoxicity and DOX + LIN administration could remove cardiomyopathy symptoms.Öğe Protective effect of saffron (its active constituent, crocin) on oxidative stress and hepatic injury in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats(Gene Therapy and Molecular Biology, 2014) Altinoz, E.; Oner, Z.; Elbe, H.; Turkoz, Y.; Cigremis, Y.The objective: the reactive oxygen species (ROS) take role in pathogenesis of many diseases like diabetes. Saffron extract, crocin and safranal are remarkable ROS scavenging as antioxidant agents. Methods and results: rats were divided into three groups each containing 10 as follows: control group, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) group, and Diabetes Mellitus+crocin (DM+crocin) group. Tissue samples were processed by routine histological and biochemical procedurs. Liver tissue of control group showed normal histological appearance. Sinusoidal dilatation, sinusoidal congestion, infiltration and vacuolization were observed in hepatocytes of DM group. These findings were reduced in DM+crocin group. The MDA and XO levels in DM group were higher than the other groups (P<0.01), and GSH levels in DM+crocin group were higher than DM group (P<0.01). Blood glucose concentration in DM group increased (p=0.002) compared to control group, but decreased in DM+crocin group (p=0.002) compared to DM group. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartat aminotransferase (AST) levels increased remarkably (P?0.01) in DM group compared to control group. When DM+crocin group was compared with DM group, serum ALT levels decreased (p?0.05); however, decrease was lower in serum AST level (p>0.05). Conclusion: we observed in our study that crocin decreased blood glucose level of STZ induced diabetic rats and protected the liver tissue by decreasing the oxidative stress.Öğe Protective effects of saffron (its active constituent, crocin) on nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats(Sage Publications Ltd, 2015) Altinoz, E.; Oner, Z.; Elbe, H.; Cigremis, Y.; Turkoz, Y.The reactive oxygen species take role in pathogenesis of many diseases including hypoxia, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, nephropathy, hypertension, ischemia-reperfusion damage, and heart defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether crocin administration could protect kidney injury from oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups each containing 10 animals as follows: group 1, control group; group 2, diabetes mellitus (DM) group; and group 3, DM + crocin group. At the end of the study, trunk blood was collected to determine the plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). The kidney tissue was removed, and biochemical and histological changes were examined. Diabetes caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities and a decrease in glutathione (GSH) contents (p < 0.01) when compared with control group in the rat kidneys. Crocin given to DM rats significantly decreased MDA (p < 0.01) and XO (p < 0.05) activities and elevated GSH (p < 0.05) contents when compared with DM group. Plasma levels of BUN and Cr were significantly higher in the DM group when compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Pretreatment of the DM animals with crocin decreased the high level of serum Cr and BUN. Control group was normal in histological appearance, but congestion, severe inflammation, tubular desquamation, tubular necrosis, and hydropic degeneration in tubular cells were observed in the DM group. Histopathological changes markedly reduced, and appearance of kidney was nearly similar to control group in DM + crocin group. Our results show that crocin could be beneficial in reducing diabetes-induced renal injury.Öğe Saffron (its active constituent, crocin) supplementation attenuates lipid peroxidation and protects against tissue injury(Comenius Univ, 2016) Altinoz, E.; Ozmen, T.; Oner, Z.; Elbe, H.; Erdemli, M. E.; Bag, H. G.The aim of the current study was to investigate the outcomes in a rat model of an acute swimming exercise induced oxidative stress in brain, kidney, liver, skeletal and cardiac muscles using supplementation with crocin. Rats were divided into the eight groups; Normal Control (NC: Untreated and did not swim), Crocin Control (CC: Received crocin and did not swim), Exercise-1 (E-1: Untreated and swam), Exercise-24 (E-24: Untreated and swam), Exercise-48 (E-48: Untreated and swam), Exercise+Crocin-1 (EC-1: Received crocin and swam), Exercise+Crocin-24 (EC-24: Received crocin and swam), Exercise+Crocin-48 (EC-48: Received crocin and swam). The malondialdehyde (MDA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) enzymes levels increased after swimming in untreated and crocin treated groups, but there was a lower increase in crocin treated groups. The highest MDA levels in all tissues were observed in E-1 compared to all other groups. There were significant differences between control and exercise groups in MDA levels of tissues (p < 0.001). In contrast, there were significant differences between control and exercise groups in glutathione (GSH) levels of tissues. In addition, the crocin supplementation significantly increased GSH levels and decreased MDA and XO enzyme levels when compared to untreated exercise groups. Crocin can protect the tissues against exercise induced oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant activity (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 37). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.Öğe Sex Prediction of Hyoid Bone from Computed Tomography Images Using the DenseNet121 Deep Learning Model(Universidad de la Frontera, 2024) Bakici, R.S.; Cakmak, M.; Oner, Z.; Oner, S.The study aims to demonstrate the success of deep learning methods in sex prediction using hyoid bone. The images of people aged 15-94 years who underwent neck Computed Tomography (CT) were retrospectively scanned in the study. The neck CT images of the individuals were cleaned using the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer (version 2023.1) program, leaving only the hyoid bone. A total of 7 images in the anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, right, left, and right-anterior-upward directions were obtained from a patient's cut hyoid bone image. 2170 images were obtained from 310 hyoid bones of males, and 1820 images from 260 hyoid bones of females. 3990 images were completed to 5000 images by data enrichment. The dataset was divided into 80 % for training, 10 % for testing, and another 10 % for validation. It was compared with deep learning models DenseNet121, ResNet152, and VGG19. An accuracy rate of 87 % was achieved in the ResNet152 model and 80.2 % in the VGG19 model. The highest rate among the classified models was 89 % in the DenseNet121 model. This model had a specificity of 0.87, a sensitivity of 0.90, an F1 score of 0.89 in women, a specificity of 0.90, a sensitivity of 0.87, and an F1 score of 0.88 in men. It was observed that sex could be predicted from the hyoid bone using deep learning methods DenseNet121, ResNet152, and VGG19. Thus, a method that had not been tried on this bone before was used. This study also brings us one step closer to strengthening and perfecting the use of technologies, which will reduce the subjectivity of the methods and support the expert in the decision-making process of sex prediction. © 2024, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.
