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Öğe The analysis of sacrum and coccyx length measured with computerized tomography images depending on sex(Int Assoc Law & Forensic Sciences, 2021) Bakici, Rukiye Sumeyye; Oner, Zulal; Oner, SerkanBackground: Sex estimation is vital in establishing an accurate biological profile from the human skeleton, as sex influences the analysis of other elements in both Physical and Forensic Anthropology and Legal Medicine. The present study was conducted to analyze the sex differences between the sacrum and coccyx length based on the measurements calculated with computed tomography (CT) images. One hundred case images (50 females, 50 males) who were between the ages of 25 and 50 and admitted by the emergency department between September 2018 and June 2019 and underwent CT were included in the study. Eighteen lengths, 4 curvature lengths, and 2 regions were measured in sagittal, coronal and transverse planes with orthogonal adjustment for three times. Results: It was stated that the mean anterior and posterior sacral length, anterior and posterior sacrococcygeal length, anterior and posterior sacral curvature length, anterior coccygeal curvature length, sacral area, lengths of transverse lines 1, 2, 3 and 4, sacral first vertebra transverse and sagittal length measurements were longer in males when compared to females (p < 0.05). It was noted that the parameter with the highest discrimination value in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was the sacral area (AUC = 0.88/Acc = 0.82). Based on Fisher's linear discriminant analysis findings, the discrimination rate was 96% for males, 92% for females and the overall discrimination rate was 94%. Conclusions: It was concluded that the fourteen parameters that were indicated as significant in the present study could be used in anthropology, Forensic Medicine and Anatomy to predict sex.Öğe Analysis of the effects of total pneumatized turbinate volume on septum deviation, maxillary sinus volume, and maxillopalatal parameters: A multidetector computerized tomography study(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Senol, Deniz; Oner, Serkan; Secgin, Yusuf; Oner, Zulal; Toy, SeymaIntroduction: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of pneumatized turbinate volume (PTV) on nasal septum deviation (NSD), maxillary sinus volume (MSV), and maxillopalatal parameters with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Material and Methods: MDCT images of a total of 73 patients (35 females and 38 males) between the ages of 25 and 58 years were used in the study. PTV, MSV, and NSD angle and direction and interalveolar distance (IAD), maxillary spin distance (MSD), and maxillopalatal angle (MPA) measurements were made on images brought to the orthogonal plane in 3 plans. Results: Turbinate pneumatization (superior, middle, or inferior) was found in a total of 55 (75.3%) patients (28 females and 27 males). The number of patients with turbinate pneumatization on the right side was 14 (19.2%), while the number of patients with turbinate pneumatization on the left side was 15 (20.5%) and the number of bilateral pneumatization was 26 (35.6%). While no significant association was found between the presence of turbinate pneumatization and septal deviation angle, MSV, MPA, IAD, and MSD measurements, a significant difference was found between the groups in terms of PTV (P < 0.05). No significant association was found between NSD direction and all parameters. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, we conducted with MDCT images, in addition to the highest incidence in turbinate pneumatization with 75.3%; it was found that PTV did not have an effect on NSD amount, MSV, and maxillopalatal parameters. Men were found to have higher NSD angle, higher maxillary sinus aeration, and larger IAD when compared with women.Öğe Can Typical Cervical Vertebrae Be Distinguished from One Another by Using Machine Learning Algorithms? Radioanatomic New Markers(Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Senol, Deniz; Secgin, Yusuf; Toy, Seyma; Oner, Serkan; Oner, ZulalObjective: The aim of this study is to distinguish the typical cervical vertebrae that cannot be separated from one another with the naked eye by using machine algorithms (ML) with measurements made on computerized tomography (CT) images and to show the differences of these vertebrae.Methods: This study was conducted by examining the 536 typical cervical vertebrae CT images of 134 (between the ages of 20 and 55) individuals. Measurements of cervical vertebrae were made on coronal, axial and sagittal section. 6 different combinations (Group 1: C3 - C4, Group 2: C3 - C5, Group 3: C3 - C6, Group 4: C4 - C5, Group 5: C4 - C6, Group 6: C5 - C6) were formed with parameters of each vertebrae and they were analyzed in ML algorithms. Accuracy (Acc), Matthews correlation coefficient (Mcc), Specificity (Spe), Sensitivity (Sen) values were obtained as a result of the analysis.Results: As a result of this study, the highest success was obtained with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Logistic Regression (LR) algorithms. The highest Acc rate was found as 0.94 with LDA and LR algorithm in Groups 3 and Group 4, the highest Spe value was found as 0.95 with LDA and LR algorithm in Group 5, the highest Mcc value was found as 0.90 with LDA and LR algorithm in Group 5 and the highest Sen value was found as 0.94 with LDA and LR algorithm in Groups 3 and 5. Conclusions: As a conclusion, it was found that typical cervical vertebrae can be distinguished from each other with high accuracy by using ML algorithms.Öğe Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Phase-Contrast MRI in the Differential Diagnosis of Active and Chronic Disease(Korean Radiological Soc, 2018) Oner, Serkan; Kahraman, Aysegul Sagir; Ozcan, Cemal; Ozdemir, Zeynep Maras; Unlu, Serkan; Kamisli, Ozden; Oner, ZulalObjective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease characterized by demyelinating plaques in the white matter. Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been proposed as a new hypothesis for the etiopathogenesis of MS disease. MS-CCSVI includes a significant decrease of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through the cerebral aqueduct secondary to an impaired venous outflow from the central nervous system. This study aimed to determine whether CSF flow dynamics are affected in MS patients and the contributions to differential diagnosis in active and chronic disease using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI). Materials and Methods: We studied 16 MS patients with chronic plaques (group 1), 16 MS patients with active plaques-enhanced on MRI (group 2), and 16 healthy controls (group 3). Quantitatively evaluation of the CSF flow was performed from the level of the cerebral aqueduct by PC-MRI. According to heart rates, 14-30 images were obtained in a cardiac cycle. Cardiac triggering was performed prospectively using finger plethysmography. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the groups regarding average velocity, net forward volume and the average flow (p > 0.05). Compared with the controls, group 1 and group 2, showed a higher peak velocity (5.5 +/- 1.4, 4.9 +/- 1.0, and 4.3 +/- 1.3 cm/sec, respectively; p = 0.040), aqueductal area (5.0 +/- 1.3, 4.1 +/- 1.5, and 3.1 +/- 1.2 mm(2), respectively; p = 0.002), forward volume (0.039 +/- 0.016, 0.031 +/- 0.013, and 0.021 +/- 0.010 mL, respectively; p = 0.002) and reverse volume (0.027 +/- 0.016, 0.018 +/- 0.009, and 0.012 +/- 0.006 mL, respectively; p = 0.000). There were no statistical significance between the MS patients with chronic plaques and active plaques except for reverse volume. The MS patients with chronic plaques showed a significantly higher reverse volume (p = 0.000). Conclusion: This study indicated that CSF flow is affected in MS patients, contrary to the hypothesis that CCSVI-induced CSF flow decreases in MS patients. These findings may be explained by atrophy-dependent ventricular dilatation, which may occur at every stage of MS.Öğe Effect of crocin on oxidative stress in recovery from single bout of swimming exercise in rats(General Physiol And Biophysics, 2016) Altinoz, Eyup; Ozmen, Tarik; Oner, Zulal; Elbe, Hulya; Erdemli, Mehmet E.; Bag, Harika G.Physical exercise could cause muscle and tissue damage due to increase in the formation of free oxygen radicals during exercise. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of crocin on parameters associated with oxidative stress in recovery from acute swimming exercise in rats. Rats were divided into eight groups; Normal Control (NC, untreated and did not swim), Crocin Control (CC, received crocin and did not swim), Exe-1, Exe-24, Exe-48 (untreated and swam) and and Exe-Cro-1, Exe-Cro-24, Exe-Cro-48 (received crocin and swam). AST, ALP, LDH, CK, XO enzymes levels increased after swimming in untreated and crocin-treated groups, but there was a less increase in crocin-treated groups. The highest MDA levels in serum were determined in Exe-1 compared with all other groups. There was significant difference between control and exercise groups in MDA level (p = 0.033). In contrast, there was significant difference between control and exercise groups in GSH level (p < 0.001). In addition, crocin given to swimming rats significantly increased GSH levels (p < 0.05) and decreased MDA levels when compared with untreated exercise groups. In conclusion, crocin is able to protect liver and skeletal muscle tissue against exercise-induced oxidative damage by preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.Öğe THE EFFECT OF SAFFRON (ITS ACTIVE CONSTITUENT, CROCIN) ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS(African Networks Ethnomedicines, 2015) Altinoz, Eyup; Taskin, Emre; Oner, Zulal; Elbe, Hulya; Arslan, Belkis AtaseverBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes serious complications such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. Materials and Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups, each containing 10 rats: control group, DM group; DM+crocin group. Normal saline was administered in the control and DM groups, and crocin was administered in DM+crocin group at a dose of 20 mg/kg bw/day for 21 days. Trunk blood and the hearth tissue were collected for histopathological and biochemical examination. Results: DM led to increment of MDA levels (p<0.05) and the serum levels of total cholesterol, TG, LDL and VLDL (p<0.05) and decrease of GSH levels (p<0.01) compared to control group in serum and heart tissue. Diabetic rats were treated with crocin, MDA levels (p<0.05) and the levels of total cholesterol, TG and VLDL decreased significantly, but GSH levels (p<0.05) increased remarkably compared to DM rats. Statistically significant increase in histopathological damage score was found in the DM group (p<0.0001). Histopathological changes markedly regressed in DM+crocin group. Conclusion: Our results showed that crocin might prevent diabetes induced cardiovascular complications by reduction of oxidative stress and dyslipidemia.Öğe Estimation of sex from femoral bone using radiological imaging methods in Turkish population(E Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2024) Bakici, Rukiye Sumeyye; Ocal, Zeynep Ayvat; Meral, Orhan; Oner, Zulal; Oner, SerkanSex estimation is leading to determine the biological profile in forensic medicine. The aim of this study is to research the effectiveness of logistic regression (LogR) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) to create sex estimation models on femur images obtained with Computed Tomography (CT) angiography and to address the differences of femur, which show sexual dimorphism, among populations. All parameters were measured on three planes by adjusting the 300 CT angiography images from 150 women and 150 men that focused on the left femur to the orthogonal plane with standard magnification. The subgroup, which included 30 images randomly generated from these images, was measured twice with an interval of 3 weeks by the first radiologist and once by the second radiologist. According to the Fisher's Linear Discriminant analysis, which was evaluated with ten parameters in the study, it was concluded that the power of discriminating women was 96.7%, the power of discriminating men was 98.7%, and the total discrimination power was 97.7%; these results were 98%, 99.3%, and 98.7%, respectively according to LogR. In this study, DFA and LogR analysis showed that femur provided a very good rate of sexual dimorphism. A database belonging to the Turkish population was created for the femur, allowing for comparison between populations.Öğe Evaluation of congenital rib anomalies with multi-detector computed tomography in the Turkish population(Via Medica, 2024) Oner, Zulal; Oner, Serkan; Sahin, Necati Emre; Cay, MahmutBackground: This study aimed to evaluate the congenital anomalies of ribs in the Turkish population using multi-detector computed tomography (CT) and to reveal the prevalence and distribution of these anomalies according to sexes and body sides. Materials and methods: This study included 1120 individuals (592 male, 528 female) over 18 who presented to our hospital with a suspicion of COVID-19 and who had thoracic CT. Anomalies such as a bifid rib, cervical rib, fused rib, Srb anomaly, foramen rib, hypoplastic rib, absent rib, supernumerary rib, pectus carinatum, and pectus excavatum, which were previously defined in the literature, were examined. Descriptive statistics were performed with the distribution of anomalies. Comparisons were made between the sexes and body sides. Results: A prevalence of 18.57% rib variation was observed. Females had 1.3 times more variation than males. Although there was a significant difference in the distribution of anomalies by sex (p = 0.000), there was no difference in terms of body side of anomaly (p > 0.05). The most common anomaly was the hypoplastic rib, followed by the absence of a rib. While the incidence of the hypoplastic rib was similar in females and males, 79.07% of the absent ribs was seen in females (p < 0.05). The study also includes a rare case of bilateral first rib foramen. At the same time, this study includes a rare case of rib spurs extending from the left 11(th) rib to the 11(th) intercostal space. Conclusions: This study demonstrates detailed information about congenital rib anomalies in the Turkish population, which may vary between people. Knowing these anomalies is essential for anatomy, radiology, anthropology, and forensic sciences.Öğe Evaluation of Hand Morphometry in Healthy Young Individuals from Different Countries(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2024) Sahin, Necati Emre; Bakici, Rukiye Sumeyye; Toy, Seyma; Oner, ZulalThis study aims to examine the hand morphometry of healthy young individuals from different countries and investigate the differences between countries in typing of hand based on the morphometric values obtained. In the study, 16 different parameters, including two surface areas and 14 lengths, were measured from the right hand of 579 volunteers (250 females, 329 males) from 7 different countries (Turkey, Chad, Morocco, Gabon, Kazakhstan, Senegal and Syria). Factor analysis was performed on the parameters, cluster analysis was performed according to the factor score obtained, and the hand types in the study were determined. As a result of the study, four different hand types were defined, and the distribution of these types according to countries was analyzed. All parameters showed significant differences between countries in both genders (p<0.05). According to the results of the study, there was a difference between male and female hand types between countries. In females, the type 1 hand type was found only in Gabon, the type 2 hand type was found only in Senegal, the type 3 hand type was found in Turkey, Morocco and Kazakhstan, while the type 4 hand type was significantly distributed in Senegal and Gabon (X-2 =104.62; df=18, p<0.05). In males, type 1 hand type was found in Turkey, type 2 hand type in Senegal and Gabon, type 3 hand type in Turkey, while type 4 hand type was significantly distributed in Morocco and Kazakhstan (X-2 =76.964; df=18, p<0.05).Öğe Evaluation of palmar creases of healthy young individuals of different countries(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2024) Sahin, Necati Emre; Bakici, Rukiye Sumeyye; Oner, Zulal; Toy, SeymaPurpose: This study aims to evaluate the potential effects of gender and country factors on palmar creases by examining the palmar creases of young adults from various countries. Materials and Methods: The study involved a total of 220 volunteers, including 120 males and 100 females aged 18-30, from seven different countries (Jordan, Sudan, Somalia, Iran, Iraq, Tanzania and Turkey), as well as students from Karabuk University. Hand types were evaluated based on palmar creases and the number of origins for both hands. Total Degree of Transversality (TDoT) values for palmar creases were calculated. Classification of palmar creases and comparison of T -DoT values for both hands were performed between genders and countries. Results: The study analyzed 440 hands from 220 individuals, identifying 1 Simian, 8 Suwon, and 5 Sydneytype hands, while categorizing the remaining 426 hands as normal type. Regarding the number of palmar crease origins, it was observed that there was a single origin in 3 hands, two origins in 309 hands and three origins in 119 hands. Significant associations were found between genders and countries in the number of palmar crease origins. In addition, significant differences in right hand TDoT values were found between genders and countries. Conclusion: In spite of limitations in sample selection and size, these results are important in providing a basis for future in-depth research on palmar creases at later stages, although generalizability to the specific countries represented in the sample may be limited. Consequently, this study highlights variations among countries concerning both the number of palm crease origins and right-hand T -DoT values.Öğe Evaluation of superior concha bullosa by computed tomography(Springer France, 2018) Ila, Kadri; Yilmaz, Nihat; Oner, Serkan; Basaran, Efser; Oner, ZulalConcha bullosa is generally regarded as pneumatisation of the middle turbinate in the nose. However, pneumatisation may also be seen in the superior and inferior turbinate. Computed tomography (CT) of paranasal sinuses is extremely helpful for the examination of this inaccessible area. Coronal CT sections of paranasal sinuses are particularly useful for surgical anatomy, as these images show nearly the same regions as the endoscopic examinations. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the presence, incidence and unilaterality-bilaterality of superior turbinate pneumatisation and concomitant nasal pathologies. A total of 1000 patients who underwent CT of the paranasal sinuses because of headaches, nasal obstructions, anosmia, facial pain or facial trauma were evaluated retrospectively. Among the 1000 patients, superior pneumatized turbinate was seen on CT images of the paranasal sinuses in 149 (14.9%) cases. Of these patients, 84 were female, 65 were male, and the mean age was 38.14 years. Among 149 patients, 58 patients had bilateral superior pneumatized turbinate and the remaining 91 patients had unilateral superior pneumatized turbinate. 60.4% of the patients with superior pneumatized turbinate also had middle pneumatized turbinate. The superior pneumatized turbinate is an anatomical variation with an incidence ranging from 12.2 to 50%. The present study revealed that there is no relationship between volume size of the superior pneumatized turbinates and sinusitis, nasal septum deviation and paradoxical middle concha. It is very important to define anatomical variations in the preoperative CT evaluation of the paranasal sinuses.Öğe Gender prediction with the parameters obtained from pelvis computed tomography images and machine learning algorithms(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Secgin, Yusuf; Oner, Zulal; Turan, Muhammed Kamil; Oner, SerkanIntroduction: In the skeletal system, the most dimorphic bones employed for postmortem gender prediction include the bones in the pelvic skeleton. Bone measurements are usually conducted with cadaver bones. Computed tomography (CT) is an increasingly popular method due to its ease of use, reconstruction opportunities, and lower impact of age bias and provides a modern data source. Even when parameters obtained with different or same bones are missing, machine learning (ML) algorithms allow the use of statistical methods to predict gender. This study was carried out in order to obtain high accuracy in estimating gender with the pelvis skeleton by integrating ML algorithms, which are used extensively in the field of engineering, in the field of health. Material and Methods: In the present study, pelvic CT images of 300 healthy individuals (150 females, 150 males) between the ages of 25 and 50 (the mean female age = 40, the mean male age = 37) were transformed into orthogonal images, and landmarks were placed on promontory, iliac crest, sacroiliac joint, anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, terminal line, obturator foramen, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, femoral head, femoral neck, body of femur, ischial tuberosity, acetabulum, and pubic symphysis, and coordinates of these regions were obtained. Four groups were formed based on various angle and length combinations obtained from these coordinates. These four groups were analyzed with ML algorithms such as Logistic Regression, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Random Forest, Extra Trees Classifier, and ADA Boost Classifier. Results: In the analysis, it was determined that the highest accuracy was 0.96 (sensitivity 0.95, specificity 0.97, Matthew's Correlation Coefficient 0.93) with LDA. Discussion and Conclusion: The use of length and angle measurements obtained from the pelvis showed that the LDA model was effective in estimating gender.Öğe Linalool exhibits therapeutic and protective effects in a rat model of doxorubicin-induced kidney injury by modulating oxidative stress(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Altinoz, Eyup; Oner, Zulal; Elbe, Hulya; Uremis, Nuray; Uremis, MuhammedThe aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic and protective effects of linalool against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced kidney injury. Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups as follows; Control, DOX [20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (ip) single dose DOX], linalool (LIN50 and LIN100; 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg linalool via ip for 5 days, respectively), DOX + LIN50 and DOX + LIN100 (20 mg/kg single dose of DOX via ip on first day and 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg linalool via ip, respectively), LIN50 + DOX and LIN100 + DOX (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg linalool via ip for 5 days, respectively and 20 mg/kg single dose of DOX via ip on fifth day). Doxorubicin led to a significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidney, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels decreased remarkably when compared with control. On the other hand, LIN supplementation before and after DOX treatment led to a significant decrease in MDA and also increases in SOD, CAT and GSH levels. DOX caused significant increases in the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels in the plasma, while LIN supplementation as a therapeutic and preventive agent led to significant decreases in BUN and Cr levels. The current study demonstrated that LIN supplementation after or before DOX treatment can led to therapeutic and preventive effects against DOX-induced renal damage.Öğe An MRI Analysis of the Lumbar Lordosis Angle and Lumbar Muscle Thicknesses in Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain(Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Dagli, Ali Cihan; Oner, Serkan; Oner, Zulal; Dagli, Beyza YazganObjective: This study aimed to examine the relationship of lumbar lordosis angle and lumbar muscle thickness with non-specific low back pain (LBP) through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images.Methods: The study included 96 individuals (43 men/53 women) aged between 18-65 with non-specific LBP that is not explained by disc pathology based on MRI, who applied to affiliated Training and Research Hospital with the complaint of LBP between March-June 2019. Sociodemographic information was recorded using an LBP assessment form. The Oswestry LBP Disability Questionnaire was used for LBP disability. The thicknesses of muscle (m.) psoas major, m. multifidus, m. quadratus lumborum and m. erector spinae were measured corresponding to the L3-L4 vertebral level by using Radiant DICOM viewer program. The Cobb Angle method was used for lumbar lordosis angle determination. Measurements were made in three repetitions using the Radiant DICOM viewer program. Results: The results showed that an inverse relationship was found between the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and m. psoas major thickness (p<0.05). Given the comparison of right -left side muscle thicknesses, left side muscles were thicker (p<0.05). There were no significant differences observed between males and females in terms of lumbar lordosis angle (LLA). However, in terms of muscle thickness, males exhibited higher values, except for the transverse measurements of the right quadratus lumborum and left erector spinae muscles, which showed no significant differences (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between LLA and the transverse thickness of the left psoas major muscle (p = 0.034) and the anterior-posterior thickness of the bilateral erector spinae muscles (p < 0.001).Conclusions: In regard to inverse relationship between m. psoas major thickness and ODI, m. psoas major should be taken into consideration to alleviate the disability caused by LBP. Additionally, the difference on both sides is likely one of the causes of muscle imbalance, and this might be one of the reasons for LBP, thereby causing disability in daily tasks due to LBP.Öğe NEURO-PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF CROCIN ON BRAIN AND CEREBELLUM TISSUES IN DIABETIC RATS(African Networks Ethnomedicines, 2014) Altinoz, Eyup; Oner, Zulal; Elbe, Hulya; Vardi, NigarBackground: Increase in free oxygen radicals and the disruption of defense system make the neurons and astrocytes more sensitive against oxidative damage. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into three groups containing 10, rats in each group namely: control (C) group, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) group, and Diabetes Mellitus + crocin (DM + crocin) group. Tissue samples were processed by routine histological and biochemical procedures. The sections were stained with Hematoxylen-eosin. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), blood glucose, HbA1c levels and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities were assayed. Results: The histological appearence of the cerebrum and cerebellum were normal in the control group. DM group showed some histopathological changes including congestion, perivascular and perineuronal edema in cerebrum. In DM + crocin group, histopathological changes in cerebrum and cerebellum markedly reduced. MDA level and XO activities increased significantly in DM group (P<0.01), but decreased significantly in DM + crocin group when compared to DM group (P<0.01). Blood glucose concentrations increased significantly (p<0.01) in DM group), but decreased significantly in DM + crocin group when compared with DM group (p<0.05). Blood HbA1c levels were normal in control group. But there were significant differences between control and DM groups (p<0.01). On the other hand, blood HbA1c levels decreased in DM + crocin group when compared with the DM group, but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Due to the fact that crocin has an antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic effects, it can protect the brain and cerebellum tissue against the complications of oxidative stress.Öğe Popliteal Artery Branching Variations: A Study on Multidetector CT Angiography(Nature Portfolio, 2020) Oner, Serkan; Oner, ZulalDetermining the branching pattern of the popliteal artery (PA) is an important step in planning some radiological and surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the course and morphology of the terminal branches of the popliteal artery using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography, and also to determine possible role gender in branching pattern. Three-hundred forty lower extremity MDCT angiography images for 170 patients (118M, 52F), who were between 20-80 years old, were examined. Popliteal artery branching types were grouped as percentage incidences. TPT diameters and lengths in Type IA extremities were compared based on gender and right or left side. Anterior tibial artery (ATA), posterior tibial artery (PTA) and peroneal artery dominance rates were calculated. 5000 times measurement data was mixed so that the cascade mean filter values were calculated for the right and left TPT length each time. It was observed that Type IA was the most common branching pattern (89.4%). The variational pattern incidence was 10.6% and the most common category was Type III (4.1%). The most common pattern was Type IB (3.2%). Variational pattern was 2 times more prevalent in females when compared to the males. The mean TPT diameter was 4.5mm (2.7-7.3mm) and there was no difference based on gender and the right-left side. The most common dominant artery for the right and left legs was PTA in both genders. The cut-off values calculated for the right and left TPT independent of gender were 31.30 +/- 2.40 and 28.36 +/- 2.58, respectively. Three new subtypes were identified as short (S <= 2cm), standard (N=2-4cm) and long (L >= 4cm) in Type IA, since it is in a wide variational range although it is a typical PA branching pattern.Öğe Quantitative Evaluation of Normal Aqueductal Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Using Phase-Contrast Cine MRI According to Age and Sex(Wiley, 2017) Oner, Zulal; Kahraman, Aysegul Sagir; Kose, Evren; Oner, Serkan; Kavakli, Ahmet; Cay, Mahmut; Ozbag, DavutThe aim of this study was cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow quantification in the cerebral aqueduct using phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging (PCC-MRI) according to both sexes and three different age groups to obtain normative data. Seventy two volunteers with no cerebral pathology were included in this study. Subjects were divided into three age groups: 20-34 years, 35-49 years, and 50-65 years including equal gender groups. CSF flow's quantitatively evaluation was performed with images that were obtained by 1.5 T Magnetic Resonance (MR) unit from cerebral aqueduct level on the semi-axial plan. Between groups, peak velocity (cm sec21), average velocity (cm/s), forward volume (mL), reverse volume (mL), net forward volume (mL), and average flow over range (ml/ min)values of current flowing through aqueduct and average aqueductal areas were compared. There were no statistically significant differences in CSF flow parameters among different age groups and between sexes (P> 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in average cerebral aqueduct area between the age group of 50-65 years and the other age groups (P50.002). The average aqueductal area was higher in the age group of 50-65 years. Normal aqueductal CSF flow parameters evaluated with PCC-MRI don't show a significant difference by age and sex. We have achieved the lower and upper values of these parameters would be useful in future clinical studies. The size of aqueductal area may also be explained by atrophy-dependent ventricular system dilatation in the elderly. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe The right vertebral artery originating from the right occipital artery and the absence of the transverse foramen: a rare anatomical variation(Springer France, 2017) Oner, Zulal; Oner, Serkan; Kahraman, Aysegul SagirVariations in the origin of the vertebral artery (VA) is a congenital anomaly that occurs during embryological development. Multiple variations related to VA origin have been reported in the literature. Abnormal VA origin is usually determined as incidental findings during angiographic or postmortem anatomical studies. Although most of the cases are asymptomatic, in patients with VA anomaly symptoms such as dizziness have been described. The anomalous variation in the origin of the right VA is rare and separated into three categories: (1) originating from the aorta, (2) originating from the carotid arteries, (3) duplicated origin. In this case, we aimed to present the right VA originating from the right occipital artery and concomitant anomalies of the transverse foramen that have not been reported previously according to our knowledge in literature. In a 32-year-old female patient referred to our hospital because of dizziness, the right VA was not observed on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography (CTA) examination was performed. CTA showed hypoplasia of the right transverse foramen at the levels of the C1, C5 and C6 vertebrae and aplasia of the right transverse foramen at the levels of the C2, C3 and C4 vertebrae. The right VA originating from the right occipital artery continues to its normal course by entering the cranium through the foramen magnum at the level of the atlantooccipital junction.Öğe Sex and age estimation with machine learning algorithms with parameters obtained from cone beam computed tomography images of maxillary first molar and canine teeth(Int Assoc Law & Forensic Sciences, 2023) Senol, Deniz; Secgin, Yusuf; Duman, Burak Suayip; Toy, Seyma; Oner, ZulalBackgroundThe aim of this study is to obtain a highly accurate and objective sex and age estimation by using the parameters of maxillary molar and canine teeth obtained from cone beam computed tomography images in the input of machine learning algorithms. Cone beam computed tomography images of 240 people aged between 25 and 54 were randomly selected from the archive systems of the hospital and transferred to Horos Medikal. 3D curved multiplanar reconstruction was applied to these images and a 3D image was obtained. The resulting image was brought to the orthogonal plane and the measurements were made by superimposing them.ResultsThe results were grouped in four different age groups (25-30, 31-36, 37-49, 50-54) and recorded. As a result of our study, the highest accuracy rate was found as 0.81 in sex estimation with ADA Boost Classifier algorithm, while in age estimation, the highest accuracy rate was found as 0.84 between 25-30 and 31-36 age groups with random forest algorithm, as 0.74 between 25-30 and 37-49 age groups with random forest and ADA Boost Classifier algorithms and as 0.85 between 25-30 and 50-54 age groups with random forest algorithm.ConclusionsOur study differs from other studies in two aspects; the first is the selection of a sensitive method such as cone beam computed tomography, and the second is the selection of machine learning algorithms. As a result of our study, the highest accuracy rate was found as 0.81 in sex estimation and as 0.85 in age estimation with parameters of maxillary canine and molar teeth.Öğe Sex estimation using sternum part lenghts by means of artificial neural networks(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2019) Oner, Zulal; Turan, Muhammed Kamil; Oner, Serkan; Secgin, Yusuf; Sahin, BunyaminIn addition to the pelvis, cranium and phalanges, the sternum is also used for postmortem sex identification. Bone measurements may be obtained on cadaveric bones. Alternatively, computerized tomography may be used to obtain measurements close to the original ones. Moreover, usage of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the field of medicine has started to provide new horizons. In this study, we aimed to identify sex by an ANN using lengths of manubrium sterni (MSL), corpus sterni (CSL) and processus xiphoideus (XPL) and sternal angle (SA) from computerized tomography (CT) images brought to an orthogonal plane. This study used the thin-slice thoracic CT images of 422 cases (213 female, 209 male) with an age range of 27-60 years brought to the orthogonal plane. Measurements of MSL, CSL, XPL and SA were analyzed with a multilayer artificial neural network that used stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for optimization and two hidden layers. MSL, CSL and XPL were longer, and SA was wider in men (MSL p = 0.000, CSL p = 0.000, XPL p = 0.000, SA p = 0.02). In the case of the two hidden layers of the network with 20 and 14 neurons in the hidden layers, respectively, learning rate of 0.1 and momentum coefficient of 0.9, the accuracy (Acc) of sex prediction was 0.906. In order to define a more realistic performance of the network, bootstrap was run with the confidence interval of 94%. A sensitivity (Sen) value of 0.91 and a specificity (Spe) value of 0.90 were calculated. The success rates that were achieved in sex identification with measurements on the skeleton using ANN were observed to be higher than those achieved by linear models. Also, sometimes all parts of the bones may not be found or might be deformed. In this case, the number of parameters used for the estimation will be incomplete. The ANN has the strong advantage to be able to estimate despite the missing parameter. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
