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Öğe An Analysis on Individuals' Compassion Level Towards Themselves and Others in Terms of Their Religious Orientation(Afyon Kocatepe Univ, 2022) Ozcan, ZeynepCompassion is one of the basic feelings making us humans. One of the most prominent facts with its functionality on emergence and development of this feeling and its positioning at the center of relationships is religion. Hence, for the sake of humanity, the religious doctrine has been trying to draw the lines of the life most suitable to human nature and to bloom morality of compassion in hearts, and has been encouraging its followers to be more merciful. Thus, in this study, we look for the answer to the question of whether the individuals with high piety are more merciful towards both themselves and 'others'. In this study based on the hypothesis that especially individuals having inner motivation for religion would be more merciful, it is aimed to analyze the compassion level of individuals towards both themselves and others. In the research that has a quantitative approach, the questionnaire technique was used by the correlational survey model. In order to obtain the quantitative data, 'Religious Orientation', 'Compassion' and 'Self -Compassion' scales were used besides the personal information form. The research data pertains to the year 2021, and it was obtained through the internet-based survey (Google Forms) from August to December. In the study, 579 questionnaire forms filled by the sample group at the average age of 30 on a volunteer basis were evaluated. According to the research findings, it has been discovered that the score obtained by the sample group from the scales of religious orientation, self -compassion (=3,29), and compassion (=4,08) is above the average. According to these findings, it can be said that the participants handle their earthly affairs under the guidance of the religion, and they act responsibly towards praying to Allah by strongly feeling His existence. Also, according to the findings, the participants being sympathetic, kind, and caring towards both themselves and the others have a balanced perspective in agonizing circumstances, and they tend to see the failures as a natural result of being human. It can also be said that the participants who tend to be away from making hurtful criticism towards both themselves and others are restrained in self-criticism. On the other hand, it can be stated that the participants who tend to help people in need instead of ignoring them have an attitude of taking other people's troubles away. One of the most important findings of this research is that there is a positive meaningful relationship between religious orientation and self -compassion (r=.224) and compassion (r=.324) (p<.000). According to this result supporting the basic hypothesis of the research, the more inner religious motivation level the participants have, the more self -compassion or compassion level they have. Thus, it is possible to mention that there is both a parallel and cyclical relationship between compassion and religious orientation including all the elements. Then, it can be stated that the development of religious attitude would be an effective factor in the emergence and development of positive emotional potentials such as compassion. When looking at the levels of religious orientation, self -compassion, and compassion in accordance with demographic variables, it can be said that married people, older people, and academicians have higher scores respectively than single ones, younger ones and the ones with other occupations; and that difference between them is meaningful. According to this result, it is possible to state that the feeling of compassion develops depending on both educational attainment and experiences in life. Besides, it is known that religion also has an important function in the development of this feeling which can be learned by living a life based on love as of childhood. Therefore, it is thought that developing theological compassion -based training programs and integrating them into the curriculum, and making practical projects on that would contribute to having a merciful generation. Because the appropriation of a value is possible with the continuous application of that value.Öğe AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT IN REDUCING THE TRAUMATIC EFFECTS OF IMMIGRATION(Ilahiyat Bilimleri Arastirma Vakfi, 2019) Ozcan, ZeynepThis study, based on a social adaptation project supported by the ministry, was carried out to reveal the contribution of social support through social interaction to the psycho-social adaptation of the refugee individual. As is known, forced migration is a life with traumatic effects that causes material and spiritual losses. This research is based on the assumption that the human being, created as a social being, needs support from his close and distant environment to overcome a traumatic experience such as migration. In the study, experimental method and 'pre-test/post-test control-group research design' has been used, and 15 students in the experimental and the control groups have been selected on the basis of volunteering among the refugee students from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan - who continue their education in different departments of Karabuk University and in different high schools of Karabuk National Education Directorate in 2017-2018 academic year. In the study in which average age of the sample group is 18, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Ces-Depression Scale and the Cultural Adaptation Scale have been used in order to measure the effect of social support activities on psychosocial adaptation...Öğe Some Evaluations About Religious Life of Inonu Period in Terms of Psycho-Sociology(Karabuk Univ, 2014) Ozcan, ZeynepThe aim of this study is to reveal the religious life during the period known as National Chief or Inonu Period between the years 1938-1950 with all its dynamics and to probe its reflections to the present from psycho-sociology perspective. Within this scope, first of all, some information about the environment, in which the religious life was lived, has been given. Later, its reflections have been discussed by describing the religious life which was shaped by that environment. The data related with that period when an important change and transition happened has been enhanced by the interviews held with the people who lived during that period. As a result, it has come out that religious life of that period had been affected to a great extent by socio-cultural, socio-economic and socio-political atmosphere; however, it has reflected on the religiousness perception of the present by following an improvement progress in itself. Also, it has been seen that religiousness perception of that period and today's world has some similarities.Öğe A Study on Relationship between Academic Motivation and Psychological Well-Being in Students of Theology Faculty(Ataturk Univ, Fac Theology, 2018) Ozcan, Zeynep; Karaca, FarukThis study has been carried out to reveal the relationship between academic motivation and psychological well-being, and demographic variables and some independent variables. The academic motivation of an individual is possible through the development of internal resources such as self-confidence, self-acceptance, purposefulness, competence and autonomy. Because these resources are also the basic dynamics of psychological well-being, it gives rise to thought that there is a relationship between academic motivation and psychological well-being - which constitutes the basic hypothesis of the study. The sample of the research consisted of 276 students selected through random sampling method among students studying in Faculty of Theology in Karabuk University and Ataturk University. Academic Motivation Scale and The Psychological well-being Scale are applied to the sample group with a mean age of 22. According to findings of the research in which questionnaire has been used in accordance with the relational screening method, it is seen that academic motivation and psychological well-being levels of the sample group are above the average. Also, there has been found a positive significant relationship between academic motivation and psychological well-being correlated with some independent and demographic variables(r=.397). This correlation is statistically strong and is valid for all sub-dimensions of the psychological well-being scale except autonomy. When research results are evaluated collectively, it is seen that academic motivation is one of the important factors affecting psychological well-being for students. For this reason, it is expected that the precautions to be taken in order to increase the academic motivation of the students can make significant contributions to their psychological well-being.Öğe A Study On the Relationship Between Cultural Adaptation and Religious Coping of Refugee Students(Cumhuriyet Univ, Fac Theology, 2019) Ozcan, ZeynepThe aim of this study is to determine what kind of religious coping activities the refugee students forced to emigrate to Turkey due to the devastating reasons such as war and violation of rights apply in order to overcome their traumatic lives and the relationship between the use of these religious coping activities and their adaptation to the culture they live in. The fact that religion has important functions in dealing with all difficulties, especially forced migration, makes it a matter of interest about what kind of religious coping process refugees have experienced for making their lives bearable. Therefore, this research is based on the assumption that the refugees mostly struggle with difficulties by using positive religious coping methods and try to achieve cultural adaptation through this struggle. The sample was selected from the refugee students from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan continuing their education in different departments of Karabuk University and in different high schools of Karatbuk National Education Directorate in 2017-2018 academic year. Cultural Adaptation and Religious Coping Styles scales were applied to the sample with an average age of 18. According to the research findings, cultural adaptation and positive religious coping levels of the sample group arc above the average, and negative religious coping levels arc below the average. There was found a positive meaningful correlation between cultural adaptation and positive religious coping of which relation was determined through some independent and demographic variables (r =.269). Therefore, it is thought that providing spiritual care for refugee students might increase the level of cultural adaptation. Summary: The aim of this study is to determine what kind of religious coping activities the refugee students forced to emigrate to Turkey due to the devastating reasons such as war and violation of rights apply in order to overcome their traumatic lives and the relationship between the use of these religious coping activities and their adaptation to the culture they live in. The fact that religion has important functions in dealing with all difficulties, especially forced migration, makes it a matter of interest about what kind of religious coping process refugees have experienced for making their lives bearable. Therefore, this research is based on the assumption that the refugees mostly struggle with difficulties by using positive religious coping methods and try to achieve cultural adaptation through this struggle. The study that was conducted according to correlational survey model, used the questionnaire technique by implementing the Cultural Adaptation and Religious Coping Styles scales together with a personal information form. The sample of the study was chosen by random sampling, and consisted of 112 volunteer refugee students from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan, studying at different departments of Karabuk University and different public high schools in Karabiik. While analyzing the data, firstly, averages were calculated by obtaining total scores of the scales. In order to reveal whether students' cultural adaptation levels differ by various variables or not, t-test (Independent Samples t-test), one-way analysis of variance (Oneway ANOVA) and Scheffc Test were applied. While analyzing relations related to religious coping, non-parametric 'Man Whitney U' and 'Kruskall Wallis H' tests were applied in accordance with the result of the normality test. In the study in which correlation test was applied to determine the relationship between cultural adaptation and religious coping, the lowest p value was predicated as.05 to determine the level of statistical significance. According to the findings, sample group's levels of cultural adaptation ((X) over bar =3,27) and positive religious coping ((X) over bar =3,42) were above the average, and the level of negative religious coping ((X) over bar =1,77) was below the average. Cultural adaptation levels of the sample group has shown significant statistical differences in terms of the nationality variable. Accordingly, Syrian students had higher cultural adaptation scores ((X) over bar =3,48) than Iraqi ((X) over bar =3,19) and Afghani students ((X) over bar =3,06), and the difference among them was statistically meaningful (p<.01). There wasn't detected any significant relationship between 'negative religious coping' levels of the sample and demographic and other independent variables; however, there were seen statistically significant differences just in terms of nationality, gender and age range among other demographic variables. Accordingly, female students scored higher (<(X)over bar> = 64,46) in positive coping than male students ((X) over bar = 47,32). The difference between them is statistically meaningful (p<.01). Students at the ages of 21-24 scored higher in positive religious coping (<(X)over bar> = 70,54) and the difference between them and the students at the ages of 14-16 ((X) over bar = 47,47) reached meaningful level, next to this Syrian students had higher levels of positive religious coping ((X) over bar = 62,91) and this reached a meaningful difference (p<.01) when compared with the averages of Afghani students (<(X)over bar> = 42,63). Moreover, there was a positive significant relationship between cultural adaptation and positive religious coping (r=.269, n=112, p=.004). Forced migration caused by wars is a traumatic experience including material and moral loss. The greatest contribution of spirituality in this kind of negative experiences causing severe stress is through positive religious coping. Hence, religious and spiritual beliefs not only enable cognitive satisfaction by offering the most satisfying answers to traumatic victims' search for meaning, yet also help them to accept the situation. This is caused due to a sense of devotion, and contribute to both their struggle with the trauma and their post-traumatic development. According to the research findings, there is a significant relationship between students' cultural adaptation and 'positive religious coping' tendency. Therefore, providing these students with spiritual care and counseling might contribute to their integration process. Moreover, it has been seen that it is important to conduct value-centered projects and activities which would prevent both refugee students and locals to marginalize each other, and would improve the culture of living-together. It is also important to provide governmental and nongovernmental support for these projects and activities. On the other hand, launching free language courses to resolve communication problems, which are obstacles for integration, and establishing socio-cultural networks in and around the campus for constituting more compatible relationships among the students would improve the students' integration capability.Öğe Tendency of University Students towards Values and Relation of Religiousness & Values (Sample of Karabuk)(Karabuk Univ, 2017) Ozcan, Zeynep; Erol, Haticetul KubraValues attract attention as one of the issues on which social scientists have recently been concentrating. The values which have a specific importance in explaining human behaviors are the subject of this research, too. The main purpose of the study is to examine the relationship of religiosity-value and relevance between value orientation and demographic variables by demonstrating the value preference orientations of the students who are studying at higher education institutions through the sample of Karabuk University. In the study, survey technique has been used pursuant to relational screening method, besides utilizing the literature method. The Schwartz Value Scale, The Scale of Feeling Effect of Religion and personal information questionnaire have been used in the research applied to a group of 300 people studying in different departments of Karabuk University. According to the findings, it has been seen that the value tendency of the students is generally oriented towards the community-centered values, while the individual-centered values are less important. When we look at the relationship between feeling the religion's effect and values, it has been found that there is a meaningful relationship with Conservatism values positively and with Openness to Newness values negatively. In the study, in which the students of Theology faculty have got more points in the Self-Transcendence and Conservatism value groups, it has been found that female students attributed more importance to community-centered values than male students. In addition, another remarkable point in terms of the relation between the values and the demographic variables is that the importance which the students who are graduated from the primary school and living in the village have attached to the religiousness value is significantly higher.
