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Öğe COMBUSTION ANALYSIS OF A TWO STROKE REVERSE-UNIFLOW GASOLINE ENGINE(Turkish Soc Thermal Sciences Technology, 2017) Kaya, Goksel; Ozdalyan, BulentMost of the studies conducted on reverse-uniflow type scavenging method developed in order to remove the deficiencies of the Schrititle type two stroke engines are related with developing flow processes and determining engine performance. Until today, no studies related with combustion characteristics of these engines were published. In this study, a real time combustion analysis system was experimentally applied to a two stroke reverse-uniflow engine for online analysis of the combustion values and gathering data. The experiments were conducted under full load; 1800 1/min and by changing ignition timing before TDC between 16-24 degrees CA by steps of 4 units each and accordingly cylinder pressure, mass fraction burned profile, heat release rate and indicated efficiency changes Were examined. The analysis of this data allows the determination of ideal combustion phase providing maximum indicated efficiency. The performed tests show that most ideal combustion phase was obtained by adjusting the ignition timing to 20 degrees CA before TDC.Öğe The effect of tire derived fuel/diesel fuel blends utilization on diesel engine performance and emissions(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2012) Dogan, Oguzhan; Celik, M. Bahattin; Ozdalyan, BulentThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of tire-derived fuel (TDF) on engine performance and exhaust emissions in a diesel engine. For this aim, the raw tire derived pyrolytic oil was refined and six test fuels, TDF10 (contains 10% tire derived fuel and 90% diesel fuel in volume basis), TDF30, TDF50, TDF70, TDF90 and neat diesel fuel, were prepared to test in a diesel engine. Tests were performed in a single cylinder, four stroke, unmodified, and naturally aspirated DI high speed diesel engine at full load and four engine speeds (1400 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2600 rpm, and 3200 rpm) by using six test fuels. The experimental test results showed that the DI diesel engine can run with the TDF fuel blends up to TDF90. The smoke opacity, unburned hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide emissions reduced while nitrogen oxides emissions increased with the increasing TDF content in the fuel blends. In addition, TDF fuel content in the fuel blends does not have a significant impact on the engine output torque, the engine power, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with respect to those of the reference diesel fuel. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect using n-butanol-diesel fuel blends at different injection pressures on the performance and emissions of diesel engines(Sila Science, 2012) Ozdalyan, BulentAlcohol, produced from biomass, is used in diesel engines to improve emission. In this study, the effect of adding 3%, 5%, 8%, and 10% (in volume) n-butanol to diesel fuel on the exhaust emission and fuel consumption was investigated on a single cylinder, four-stroke, compression-ignition engine with direct injection. Engine experiments were conducted at full load and at 2400 1/min of engine speed. Tests were repeated for injection pressures of 160, 180, 200 (original pressure), 220, and 240 bar in order to observe the effect injection pressure on the engine. Adding n-butanol to the diesel fuel at small ratios decreased CO, NOR, and soot emissions. The optimum injection pressure in terms of brake specific fuel consumption, CO, HC, and soot emission was determined as 220 bar.Öğe Exergy analysis of a spark ignition engine for different crankshaft speeds(Pamukkale Univ, 2019) Ozdalyan, Bulent; Uysal, Cuneyt; Kurt, HuseyinIn this study, a spark ignition (SI) engine performance is exergetically investigated for different crankshaft speeds. The test engine is VSG413 SI type engine fueled with 95 octane gasoline. The test engine has 1.3 l volume, four stroke, four cylinder, 45 kW maximum power capacity and 98 Nm maximum torque capacity. The experiments are realized under fully loaded test conditions. The crankshaft speed is changed between 1200 rpm and 5000 rpm. In the calculations, actual operating data obtained by experiments are used. It is found that maximum energy and exergy efficiencies are obtained at crankshaft speed of 2500 rpm, which are 29.78% and 27.77%, respectively. Entropy generation rate increases with increase in crankshaft speed and ranged from 0.059 kW/K to 0.253 kW/K for all study.Öğe Experimental Investigation of the Use of Waste Mineral Oils as a Fuel with Organic-Based Mn Additive(Mdpi, 2018) Ozdalyan, Bulent; Orman, Recep C.The heat values of waste mineral oils are equal to the heat value of the fuel oil. However, heat value alone is not sufficient for the use of waste minerals oils as fuel. However, the critical physical properties of fuels such as density and viscosity need to be adapted to the system in order to be used. In this study, the engine oils used in the first 10,000 km of the vehicles were used as waste mineral oil. An organic-based Mn additive was synthesized to improve the properties of the waste mineral oil. It was observed that mixing the Mn additive with the waste mineral oil at different doses (4, 8, 12, and 16 ppm) improves the viscosity of the waste oil and the flash point. The resulting fuel was evaluated for emission using different loads in a 5 kW capacity generator to compare the fuel with standard diesel fuel and to determine the effect of Mn addition. In the experimental study, it was observed that the emission characteristics of the fuel obtained from waste mineral oil were worse than diesel fuel, but some improvement was observed with Mn addition. As a result, we found that the use of waste mineral oils in engines in fuel standards was not appropriate, but may be improved with additives.Öğe Improvement of Fusel Oil Features and Effect of Its Use in Different Compression Ratios for an SI Engine on Performance and Emission(Mdpi, 2020) Simsek, Suleyman; Saygin, Hasan; Ozdalyan, BulentIn this study, the effects of the use of improved fusel oil on engine performance and on exhaust emissions in a spark-ignition engine were investigated experimentally in consideration of the water, gum, and moisture content at high compression ratios according to TS EN 228 standards. In the study, a four-stroke, single-cylinder, air-cooled, spark plug ignition engine with an 8/1 compression ratio was used at three different compression ratios (8/1, 8.5/1, 9.12/1). Experiments were performed for six different ratios of fuel blends (F0, F10, F20, F30, F40, and F50) at a constant speed and different loads. The data obtained from the experiments were compared with the original operating parameters of the engine while using gasoline. According to the test results, the optimal engine performance was at a 9.12/1 compression ratio and with a F30 fuel blend. With the increase from an 8/1 to 9.12/1 compression ratio for the F30 fuel blend, the overall efficiency increased by 6.91%, and the specific fuel consumption decreased by 2.35%. The effect of the optimum fusel blend on the emissions was also examined and CO emissions were reduced by 36.82%, HC emissions were reduced by 23.07%, and NOx emissions were reduced by 15.42%, while CO2 emissions were increased by 13.88%.Öğe Improvement of the Properties of Sugar Factory Fusel Oil Waste and Investigation of its Effect on the Performance and Emissions of Spark Ignition Engine(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2019) Simsek, Suleyman; Ozdalyan, Bulent; Saygin, HasanThe effects of using blends of unleaded gasoline and refined fusel oil on engine performance and exhaust emissions were analyzed. Prior to the experiment, the fusel oil, which is the final waste product of the sugar factory, was developed to have the chemical properties that can be used in internal combustion engines by removing water and gum contained therein. A four-stroke, single-cylinder, spark-ignition engine was used for the experiments. The tests were conducted at a fixed speed and under different loads. The test fuels were blended with fusel oil contents of 5%, 15%, and 30%. Under each load, the engine's performance and emissions were measured. Throughout the experiments, it was observed that engine torque and fuel consumption increased as the amount of fusel oil in the blend increased. Nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were reduced as the amount of fusel oil in the blends increased.Öğe Improvements to the Composition of Fusel Oil and Analysis of the Effects of Fusel Oil-Gasoline Blends on a Spark-Ignited (SI) Engine's Performance and Emissions(Mdpi, 2018) Simsek, Suleyman; Ozdalyan, BulentWith the increase of energy needs and environmental pollution, alcohol-based alternative fuels are used in spark-ignited (SI) engines. Fusel oil, which is a by-product obtained through distillation of ethanol, contains some valuable alcohols. As alcohols are high-octane, they have an important place among the alternative fuels. Fusel also takes its place among those alternatives as it is high-octane and low on exhaust emissions. In this research, the effects of using blends of unleaded gasoline and improved fusel oil on engine performance and exhaust emissions were analyzed experimentally. A four-stroke, single-cylinder, spark-ignited engine was used in the experiments. The tests were conducted at a fixed speed and under different loads. The test fuels were blended supplying with fusel oil at rates incremented by 10%, up to 50%. Under each load, the engine's performance and emissions were measured. Throughout the experiments, it has been observed that engine torque and specific fuel consumption increases as the amount of fusel oil in the blend is increased. Nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions are reduced as the amount of fusel oil in the blends is increased.Öğe The investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of oxide powders coated on engine pistons surface(Natl Inst Optoelectronics, 2014) Vural, Erdinc; Ozel, Serkan; Ozdalyan, BulentIn this study, the surface of a piston (AlSi12CuNi) belonging to a diesel engine was coated with ZrO2+MgO/Al2O3 powders by using plasma spray technique. The coating layers were examined with optical microscopy, SEM, EDS and XRD analysis. The adhesive strength and microhardness were measured. In XRD studies, such compounds as ZrO2 (Tetragonal), ZrO2 (Monoclinic), MgO, Al3Zr5, alpha-Al2O and gamma-Al2O3 have been identified on ZrO2+MgO/Al2O3 coating layers. The best adhesion strength and maximum hardness value have been determined in the sample coated with ZrO2+MgO+ 50wt. %Al2O3 powder.Öğe THE USAGE OF HYDROGEN FOR IMPROVING EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION IN A SMALL GASOLINE ENGINE(Turkish Soc Thermal Sciences Technology, 2011) Kosar, Murat; Ozdalyan, Bulent; Celik, M. BahattinAs small gasoline engines run on slightly rich mixture, and do not have catalytic converter, their specific fuel consumption and emission values are very high. When the gasoline engines are operated with pure hydrogen NOx emissions increase and the backfire occurs. In this study, a small engine was run with hydrogen at a suitable lean mixture without occurring backfire, and improvements on fuel consumption and emissions were aimed. Performance emissions and cylinder pressures of the engine were measured for hydrogen and gasoline. The specific fuel consumption and NOx emissions were reduced by about 57% and 66%, respectively at hydrogen operation. Moreover the values near zero for CO, CO2 and HC emissions were obtained. The test results showed that the small gasoline engine can operate with pure hydrogen at a suitable lean mixture without any backfire, and provide important improvements in emissions and fuel consumption without using any exhaust control system, electronic ignition system and fuel injection system which increase cost of engine.Öğe The use of pure methanol as fuel at high compression ratio in a single cylinder gasoline engine(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2011) Celik, M. Bahattin; Ozdalyan, Bulent; Alkan, FarukThe methanol has greater resistance to knock and it emits lower emissions than neat gasoline. As single cylinder small engines have low compression ratio (CR), and they run with slightly rich mixture, their power are low and emission values are high. The performance can be increased at high CR if these engines are run with fuels which have high octane number. In this study, methanol was used at high CR to increase performance and decrease emissions of a single-cylinder engine. Initially, the engine whose CR was 6/1 was tested with gasoline and methanol at full load and various speeds. Then, the CR was raised from 6/1 to 8/1 and 10/1, gradually. The knock was not observed at the CRs of 8/1 and 10/1 when using methanol while the knock was observed at the CR of 8/1 when using gasoline. The knock was determined from the cylinder pressure-time curves. The results showed that some decreases were obtained in CO, CO2 and NOx emissions without any noticeable power loss when using methanol at the CR of 6/1. By increasing the CR from 6/1 to 10/1 with methanol, the engine power and brake thermal efficiency increased by up to 14% and 36%, respectively. Moreover, CO, CO2 and NOx emissions were reduced by about 37%, 30% and 22%, respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
