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    An effective artificial testing model to reliability experiments for electronic apex locator devices used in endodontic practice
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Ozdemir, O.
    Background and Aim: This experimental study aimed to investigate the reliability of using electronic apex locator devices to determine the working length of artificial root canals. Materials and Methods: The experiments were performed using resin endoblocks and mandibular canine teeth (n = 20/group). After the same working length of root canal samples was provided, the teeth and artificial root canals were embedded in an alginate mold. The measurements with Root ZX (R) and Propex Pixi (R) apex locators were performed and recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (SPSS V23; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA) and the variance was set at P < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups; mean distance from the actual working length using different apex locators (P = 0.633, P = 0.474), and endpoint positioning distributions (P = 0.591). Conclusion: The results indicate that the artificial model could be a laboratory method of determining the accuracy of apex locators and efficient calibration of devices before their clinical use.
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    The frequency of sodium hypochlorite extrusion during root canal treatment: an observational clinical study
    (Wiley, 2022) Ozdemir, O.; Hazar, E.; Kocak, S.; Saglam, B. C.; Kocak, M. M.
    Background To determine the frequency of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) extrusion and evaluate the outcome of the injury. Methods A total of 1123 teeth indicated root canal treatment were included. An open-ended needle was used during/after the instrumentation. Acute burning pain during irrigation was considered as NaOCl extrusion. Negative aspiration was applied for patients with extrusion, and appropriate treatment was planned due to the symptoms. The number of patients who experienced extrusion and symptoms were recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), at P < 0.05, was used to compare the data groups. Results NaOCl extrusion rate was found at 0.89%, and the injury with swelling that differential diagnosis of NaOCl accident caused by extrusion rate was 0.18%. The most common findings besides acute pain, as a sign of extrusion (n = 10), were accompanying apical bleeding (n = 6) and swelling (n = 2). According to the number of visits, a significant correlation was found between the symptoms (P = 0.010). No serious injury such as a neurological sign, tissue necrosis or trismus occurred in any patient. Conclusions Demographic characteristics of the patients and preoperative condition of teeth were not related to NaOCl extrusion. The increasing number of visits may affect the probability of an accident. Negative aspiration immediately may be crucial in preventing severe injuries.
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    The structural and optical properties of ?-FeOOH thin film grown with CBD method
    (Natl Inst Optoelectronics, 2014) Ozdemir, O.; Meydaneri, F.; Kariper, I. A.
    gamma-FeOOH thin films were produced by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) method at pH: 5 onto amorphous glass substrates. Structural properties of gamma-FeOOH thin film were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD). Chemical analysis and surface image of thin film were investigated with EDX, SEM, respectively. Optical properties were investigated via UV-VIS spectrophotometer. gamma-FeOOH (lepidocrocite) crystal is orthorhombic structure and the XRD peak corresponding to the gamma-FeOOH is enhanced to (1 1 1) plane. The allowed direct and allowed indirect optical band gaps (Eg), optical transmission (T%), reflectivity (R%), absorption, refraction index (n), extinction coefficient (k), dielectric constant (epsilon) of the thin film were found to be 2.00 and 1.63 eV, 36.39 %, 24.86 %, 0.43, 2.98, 0.03 and 1.76, respectively.