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    An evaluation of cause-of-death trends from recent decades based on registered deaths in Turkey
    (W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2017) Ozdemir, R.; Horasan, G. Dinc; Rao, C.; Sozmen, M. K.; Unal, B.
    Objectives: Although cause-of-death analyses are very important to define public health policy priorities and to evaluate health programs, there is very limited knowledge about mortality profiles and trends in Turkey. The aim of this study was to measure the trends in mortality within three broad cause-of-death groups and their distribution by age groups and gender and to describe the changes of leading causes of death between 1980 and 2013 in Turkey. Study design: Descriptive study. Methods: In the study, data on the number of deaths by year, gender, age and cause was obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The causes of death were classified as group I: communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional conditions; group II: non-communicable diseases (NCDs); and group III: injuries. Unknown or ill-defined causes of death were distributed within group I and group II. The percentage distribution of the cause-of-death groups by gender and age groups between 1980 and 2013 was identified. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) per 100,000 of broad causes-of-death groups were calculated using European Standard Population 1976 between 1980 and 2008. Changes in mortality rates per hundred were calculated using the formula ([the rate of last year of the period-the rate of the first year of the period]/the rate of the first year of the period). Gender and age-specific data were analyzed using the Joinpoint software to examine trends and significant changes in trends of mortality rates. Results: Crude death rates for group I, group II, and group III were 157.3, 147.2, and 21.4 per 100,000 in 1980 and 35.3, 377.5, and 15.8 in 2008 for males; 161.8, 120.2, and 5.8 in 1980 and 38.6, 318.4, and 6.4 in 2008 for females, respectively. ASMRs for group I, group II, and group III were 146.3, 394.3, and 29.3 per 100,000 in 1980 and 49.7, 723.6, and 18.8 in 2008 for males; 138.0, 291.5, and 7.6 per 100,000 in 1980 and 47.7, 478.8, and 7.2 in 2008 for females, respectively. The mortality rates of group I for almost all age groups particularly below 5 years of age decreased significantly. Conclusion: This study indicates that Turkey is at an advanced stage in the epidemiological transition, with the majority of the causes of death from NCDs. Considering the regional differences, it is necessary to carry out studies on the specific details of epidemiological transition and the social determinants of deaths in Turkey. (C) 2017 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Re: Letter to the Editor of public health in response to 'An evaluation of cause-of-death trends from recent decades based on registered deaths in Turkey
    (W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2018) Ozdemir, R.; Horasan, G. D.; Rao, C.; Sozmen, M. K.; Unal, B.
    [No abstract available]
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    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FARMERS' KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS PESTICIDE USE AND THEIR SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM NORTHWESTERN TURKEY
    (National Institute of Public Health NIH – National Research Institute, 2020) Cevik, C.; Ozdemir, R.; Ari, S.
    Background. The determination of farmers' knowledge and attitudes towards pesticide use is very important in terms of preventing pesticide use-related short- and long-term damages. Objective. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics of farmers in Karacabey District of Bursa, a province in northwest Turkey, and their knowledge and attitudes towards pesticide use. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Karacabey district between December 2018 and April 2019. The sample size was calculated as 1924 using the Epi info program by assuming the prevalence as 50%, type I error as 5%, standard deviation as 3% and design effect as 2. The dependent variable of the study was the farmers' knowledge of and attitudes towards pesticide use whereas the independent variables were their sociodemographic characteristics. The relationship between the dependent and independent variables was analyzed using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression model. Results. The mean score the participants obtained from the Knowledge and Attitude Index was 12.8±2.8 and the median value was 13. While 49.5% of the participating farmers obtained a score lower than the median, 51.5% of them obtained a score equal to or above the median. While advanced age increased the possibility of getting a low score from the Knowledge and Attitude Index 2.7 times, not being married increased it 35.7 times, not getting formal education increased it 30.1 times, living in a non-crowded household increased it 2.1 times, and low income (2000 Turkish liras equal to ?$310 according to April 2019 exchange rates) increased it 3.1 times. Conclusion. The study indicated that the participating farmers’ knowledge and attitudes towards the proper use of pesticides were inadequate, and that there was a strong relationship between their Knowledge and Attitude Index scores and their sociodemographic characteristics. © Copyright by the National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene.