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    MICROSTRUCTURE, IN VITRO DEGRADATION BEHAVIOUR AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF COBALT DOPED DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE BONE CEMENTS
    (2021-08) Sarsik, Betül
    Repair of bone defects is a problem in orthopedics and traumatology operations. In bone treatments, biomaterials need to prevent bacterial infections and make bone treatment more accessible. In the first part of this study, pure phase of ?-tricalcium phosphate (?TCP) and cobalt substituted ?TCP (Co-?TCP) materials were synthesized using microwave-assisted wet precipitation method. The prepared powders were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques to verify both Co2+ doping and to explore the alterations in the structural and molecular properties upon doping. With the incorporation of Co2+ ions, the lattice parameters, degree of crystallinity, and particle size of ?TCP were significantly decreased. The functional groups of ?TCP (or Co-?TCP) were detected via the FTIR technique. The optical properties of ?TCP (or Co-?TCP) were evaluated using Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis). Two bands located at 530 and 678 nm were observed for Co-?TCP materials. In the second part of this study, dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and Co modified DCP (La-DCP) bone cements were made based on acid/base reaction between ?TCP (or Co-?TCP) and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) in the presence of water. The obtained bone cements were characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques. The DCP cements existed as a monetite phase. The a and b axis of monetite crystals increased with the addition of Co2+ ions, while the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size significantly decreased with an increasing amount of Co2+ ions in the DCP structure. In vitro degradation of DCP and Co-DCP bone cements was examined using Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) over 14 days at 37 ºC. The degradation of DCP bone cements was controlled with the incorporation of Co2+ ions. Antibacterial properties of pure and Co doped DCP bone cements were evaluated qualitatively against Escherichia coli (E. Coli), Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria for 24 h at 37 ºC. The results showed that the addition of Co2+ ions inhibited the growth of E.coli and MSSA bacteria. The prepared bone cements with antibacterial properties would be a promising material for inhibiting any infection-causing failure in bone repair.