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Öğe High Gain and Efficiency Triple U-shaped Slots Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Applications(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Almohammedi, A.A.; Raad, A.; Darshi, S.; Shepelev, V.; Mohd, Yusof, M.H.; Balfaqih, M.The 28 GHz band is a frequency band that has been allocated for use in 5G mobile communication networks. It is part of the millimeter wave spectrum, which is a range of frequencies between 30 GHz and 300 GHz. This study proposes and investigates the 28 GHz 5G networks. A modified single element patch antenna with three grooved U-shaped holes is shown and is used to indicate a high gain and Efficiency for 28 GHz 5G antenna. The proposed antenna consists of the radiation element on a RTRogers 5880 laminate and is actuated by a microstrip feedline. The proposed work includes the most desirable characteristics, such as small size, light weight, low-cost fabrication and wide operation up to 1.4 GHz (27.1 - 28.5 GHz). The proposed antenna design also offers a high efficiency up to 89.73 %, high gain up to 8.14 dBi, and return loss up to -30 dB, resulting in attractive performance. The results obtained show that the antenna is a viable candidate for 5G applications at 28 GHz. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe Mobility-based Enhancement for Channel Coordination of IEEE 802.11p on Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks Over V2I(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Al-Shaibany, S.; Almohammedi, A.A.; Shepelev, V.; Darshi, S.; Al-Hemyari, A.; Alsharaby, A.A.A.; Abdullah, A.M.M.Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are a sub form of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network that provide communication among vehicles (V2V) and vehicles to infrastructure (V2I). VANETs have been developed to offer reliable and efficient services on the roads. These services include safety applications (collision warning), and non-safety applications (video and voice). The IEEE 802.11p is an extension of the IEEE 802.11 standard to support wireless access into vehicular environments. However, the IEEE 802.11p standard does not perform well for VANETs under high traffic load and mobility. The is owing to the nature of contention-based channel access mechanism in IEEE 802.11p sharing a common radio frequency. The work in this paper presents a new scheme to improve the channel access coordination of 802.11p for V2I communication under high traffic and mobility. This scheme adaptively adjusts the contention window (CW) based on the times (deadlines) that the vehicles are about to exit the RoadSide Unit (RSU) coverage area. Priority service is given to vehicles with shorter deadlines and vice versa. The Network Simulator (NS-2) v.2.35 is used for simulation. According to simulation results, our proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme in terms of throughput, packet loss ratio and packet delivery. © 2021 IEEE.Öğe Power Management in Solar PV System with Battery Protection by using MATLAB Simulink(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Mohamed, F.A.; Almohammedi, A.A.; Shepelev, V.It is a clearly known fact that solar energy as a renewable form of energy is the cleanest energy in the world and its utilization has a widespread applications and various industries as well as residential in many places. A major challenge to the usage of solar energy is the unavailability of sunlight in the night and/low irradiation during some hours of the day or during some season such as in the winter. In order to overcome this challenge, there is the need to store excess solar energy generated during the day and make use of it when needed. This solar energy can thus be stored in a storage unit called battery. There is need for battery protection and control or to protect the battery from harm, effective protection scheme is required for the PV-battery-load system. This work presents a PV-Battery Storage-Load system design with control system for protection of the system and also discuss the model and determines the PV system rated power through simulation using MATLAB software. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe Resistors Over Digital Analog Converter on PRBS Threat Generator with PLL Synchronizer: Comparison Between R2R & Weighted(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Almohammedi, A.A.; Yusof, M.H.M.; Bin, Tuan, Muda, S.R.; Shepelev, V.; Balfaqih, M.; Shamsuddin, S.Intrusion Detection System (IDS) must be developed based on latest live traffic dataset. This will facilitate the study on new attributes of current threat. Once again, researchers are locked on the same vicious circle of inability to access live traffic dataset. This is coupled with public domain logged dataset may not be useful for a new threat research. Due to these standing hurdles, Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) is used to generate synthetic dataset in IDS studies. One of its components is the Digital to Analog (D/A) converter. There are two types of D/A implementations; 1) through Weighted and 2) R2R resistors. This paper compares the advantages and the disadvantages of designing D/A converter by using the abovementioned resistors. It is advisable to opt for R2R version over Weighted Resistor since it is easier and practical to choose the multiple types of resistors during circuit design process. Furthermore, the shifted parallel output from the circuit can be synchronized by the proposed PLL circuit. © 2023 IEEE.