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Öğe Assessment of the fuel recovery potential of cattle, sheep, and chicken waste fats in diesel engine(Springer, 2022) Simsek, S.; Uslu, S.; Simsek, H.In this study, biodiesel was obtained by transesterification method from cattle, sheep, and chicken waste fats not utilized in the nutrition sector. Test fuels were formed by blending the biodiesel with diesel fuel in different proportions (10, 20, 30, 50, and 75%). The experiments were carried out at various engine load in an air-cooled, four-stroke, direct injection, single-cylinder diesel engine using the generated test fuels, 100% AFBD (AFBD100) and pure diesel (D100). For performance, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were evaluated, while carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke were considered for emissions. Experimental results show that BTE increases up to 30% AFBD ratio and that more AFBD additions negatively affect BTE. Maximum BTE was achieved with AFBD10 at 3000 W load and an increase of 8.11% was determined compared to D100 at the same load. Conversely, while BSFC, CO2, and NOx raised with the usage of AFBD, smoke, HC, and CO emissions decreased. In the usage of AFBD-containing fuels, minimum BSFC, CO2, and NOx were obtained with AFBD10, while minimum smoke, HC, and CO were obtained with AFBD100. With the AFBD100 test fuel, smoke, HC, and CO emissions decreased on average by 41.82, 26.14, and 15.65%, respectively, compared to the D100. [GRAPHICS] .Öğe Effects of some environmentally-friendly fireretardant boron compounds on modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of wood(2009) Toker, H.; Baysal, E.; Simsek, H.; Senel, A.; Sonmez, A.; Altinok, M.; Ozcifci, A.This study was designed to determine some mechanical properties such as modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of wood treated with some environmentally-friendly fire-retardant boron compounds. Sodium perborate (SP) boric acid, (BA), and borax (BX) were used as boron compounds. Wood specimens were prepared from Calabrian pine (Pinus brutiaTen.) and beech (Fagus orientalis Lipski) wood. Before MOR and MOE tests, wood specimens were impregnated with aqueous solutions (1,2, 3,4, 5, and 6 %) of borates according to ASTM D 1413-76. Our results showed that MOR values of wood specimens treated with borates were lower compared to untreated control specimens. The MOR and MOE values of wood specimens were the lowest for treatments with SP followed by BX and BA, respectively. In general, the higher concentration levels of borates, the lower MOR of wood resulted.Öğe Evaluation of the effect of a new alternative fuel containing boron and hydrogen on gasoline engine performance and emission responses(Springer, 2022) Simsek, S.; Uslu, S.; Simsek, H.In this research, the impacts of the use of a new fuel additive called octamix, which is obtained by mixing trioctyl borate as a boron source, ammonia borane as a hydrogen enhancer and ethyl alcohol, on the performance and emission values in a gasoline engine have been investigated experimentally. The experiments were carried out using four different fuel mixtures obtained by mixing octamix with gasoline at 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% by volume and pure gasoline at different engine load values in a single cylinder spark ignition engine. While brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption were evaluated as performance parameters, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide were taken into consideration as emission responses. Experimental results revealed that using octamix higher than 0.5% was not efficient in terms of performance and emission. With the use of a fuel blend containing 0.5% octamix, overall emission and performance values improved but deteriorated with other octamix-containing fuels. According to the results, it can be said that octamix fuel is more suitable for use as a fuel additive rather than as a stand-alone fuel for gasoline engines and the use of only 0.5% octamix-containing fuel mixture is efficient.Öğe Glossiness, color stability, and surface roughness of wood treated with some bleaching chemicals(2009) Ozcifci, A.; Yapici, F.; Altun, S.; Toker, H.; Baysal, E.; Senel, A.; Simsek, H.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different bleaching chemicals and their treatment time on glossiness, color stability, and surface roughness of wood. Spruce (Picea orientalis L.) and oak (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) wood specimens were bleached with aqueous solutions of 25% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 25% ammonia (NH3), and their mixture (1:1;volume:volume) for 10, 20, and 30 minutes immersing. Glossiness of wood specimens parallel and perpendicular to grain values were measured with Glossmeter at 60-degree incident angle. Color measurements and surface roughness were wade according to ISO 7724 - 2, and ISO 4287 standards, respectively. Results showed that the highest glossiness decrease (0.99) was observed in oak wood treated with ammonia solution perpendicular to grain for 20 min. immersing. The highest total color chance (18.88) was observed in oak wood treated with ammonia solution for 30 minutes immersing. All bleaching solutions increased the surface roughness of wood specimens.Öğe Some combustion parameters of wood impregnated with borates(2009) Toker, H.; Baysal, E.; Ozcifci, A.; Simsek, H.; Altun, S.; Yapici, F.; Goktas, O.This study was conducted to determine some of the combustion parameters of Calabrian pine and Oriental beech treated with borates. Average mass loss and temperature values of Calabrian pine and Oriental beech wood were determined according to ASTM E-69. Boric acid, borax, and sodium perborate were used as borates. Before the combustion test, wood specimens were impregnated with aqueous solutions (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%) of borates according to ASTM D1413-76. These results showed that mass loss and temperature values of both wood specimens treated with borates were lower compared to the untreated control specimens. Higher concentration levels of borates resulted in lower mass loss and temperature values of the wood. ©Forest Products Society 2009.
