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    Effective Removal of Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Using Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Seed Pulp and Biochar
    (North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2023) Sismanoglu, Sedef; Akalin, Mehmet Kuddusi; Akalin, Gulen Oytun; Topak, Fatima
    Black cumin seed pulp (C), as well as biochar (CC) produced via pyrolysis of black cumin seed pulp were used to remove methylene violet 2B (MV) and basic yellow 28 (BY28) from aqueous solution. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were applied at 10, 25, and 35 degrees C. The adsorption of methylene violet 2B and basic yellow 28 on the black cumin seed pulp and biochar surface was exothermic; the heat of adsorption values were lower CC were 212.8, 625, 164, and 909 mg g-1 at 25 degrees C, respectively. The adsorption of black cumin seed pulp and biochar data were examined with Flory-Huggins (F-H) isotherm models. The kinetics of the adsorption were fitted to the pseudo first-order and pseudo second order equations. The pseudo second order equation gave a better fit than the pseudo first-order equation.
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    Production of Bio-oil via Catalytic Pyrolysis of Medlar Seeds
    (North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2023) Topak, Fatima; Akalin, Mehmet Kuddusi
    The pyrolysis of medlar seeds was performed at 350, 450, 550, and 650 degrees C with and without K2CO3, MgO, and expanded perlite (10 wt%). The maximum dichloromethane extract yield (6.70 wt%) was obtained at 450 degrees C in the pyrolysis experiments without catalyst, while the maximum biooil yield (50.3 wt%) was obtained at 650 degrees C in the presence of perlite. The dichloromethane extract and bio-oil yields decreased noticeably with the use of MgO and K2CO3. The bio-oils obtained from the non-catalytic runs mainly consisted of phenolic compounds. The use of catalysts had a noticeable effect on the composition and higher heating values of the biooils. The use of K2CO3 increased the relative content of 2-methoxyphenol at all tested temperatures and the relative content of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylphenol increased with the use of expanded perlite at above 550 degrees C, while the use of MgO led to an increase in the relative content of 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylphenol at above 550 degrees C. The bio-oil with the maximum higher heating value (30.4 MJ/kg) was obtained at 450 degrees C with the use of perlite. This study showed that medlar seeds are a good alternative source of waste biomass in the production of bio-oil that can be used as a biofuel.