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    An Environmentally Friendly Approach to Soil Improvement with by-Product of the Manufacture of Iron
    (North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2023) Keskin, Inan; Senturk, Ibrahim; Yumrutas, Halil Ibrahim; Totic, Ermedin; Ates, Ali
    Blast furnace slag has been used for many years in various applications related to civil engineering. Many studies have created a wide variety of cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions for this industrial byproduct. This study aims to contribute to the performance evaluations of the usability of the blast furnace slag for soil improvement and the effects of the additive ratio and curing time. Bentonite samples were prepared with the addition of blast furnace slag at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% ratios by weight at optimum water content (wopt). Results were evaluated using the liquid limit, plastic limit, unconfined compressive strength, and swelling tests performed after 1, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing time. Results revealed that the liquid limit value decreased, and the unconfined compressive strength increased with increasing curing time and blast fumace slag ratio in the mixture. Additionally, swelling pressure generally decreased with increasing slag contribution and curing time. The lowest values of the unconfined compressive strength were observed on the 7th day of curing time, and the minimum value was obtained at 10% mixing ratio. The highest unconfined compressive strength values were observed on the 28th days of curing time. The optimum mixing ratio was 5%.
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    Investigation of Soil Liquefaction Potential around Efteni Lake in Duzce Turkey: Using Empirical Relationships between Shear Wave Velocity and SPT Blow Count (N)
    (Hindawi Ltd, 2014) Ates, Ali; Keskin, Inan; Totic, Ermedin; Yesil, Burak
    Evaluation of the liquefaction potential of a liquefaction-prone area is important for geotechnical earthquake engineering, both for assessment for site selection and for planning and new constructions. The liquefaction potential index for the city of Duzce in northwestern Turkey using the empirical relationships between the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and the Shear Wave Velocity Test (V-s) was investigated in this study. After, V-s values based on SPT blow counts (N) were obtained from the alluvial soils in the city of Duzce. The liquefaction potential indexes of the soils were determined using the empirical relationships between the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and the Shear Wave Velocity Test (V-s) calculating for a probable earthquake of M-w = 7.2. In the result of the study, the liquefaction potential index (LPI) values were interpreted and compared evaluating the SPT N blow count values obtained from the study area. Based on the empirical relationships assumed for the soils, it was observed that there was not a perfect agreement between the results of the two methods. The liquefaction potential index values using the SPT N blow counts were found to be lower than those of the V-s method.