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Öğe Öğe The analysis of living room furniture and room spaces used by families relation of West Black Sea Region in Turkey(Elsevier - Division Reed Elsevier India Pvt Ltd, 2019) Esen, Rasit; Uysal, BurhanettinIn this study, determining the satisfaction levels between the Living Room furniture and the Living Room space of the families living in the West Black Sea Region is aimed. To this end, to the users living in the houses in the center of six cities located in the West Black Sea Region in Turkey, a survey was applied. In the wake of the conducted survey; demographic features, satisfaction levels from the Living Room furniture, furniture renewal necessity, Living Room-space analyses of the families living in the West Black Sea Region was acquired. In the last ten years, the Living Room furniture renewal number was found to have changed accordingly with the number of house changing and the economic condition of the families. (C) 2019 Karabuk University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.Öğe Bond Strength-Disbonding Behavior and Dimensional Stability of Walnut and Poplar Impregnated with Some Chemicals and Bonded with PVAc, VTKA and Urea Formaldehyde(Brill Academic Publishers, 2011) Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Kurt, Seref; Uysal, BurhanettinThe aim of this study, is to describe the effects of adhesives (PVAc-Desmodur VTKA and Urea formaldehyde) on wooden materials (walnut and poplar) cut tangentially and radially impregnated with Protim Solignum, CCA and Celcure AC 500 and exposed to: humid-water-heat resistance; heating; and cooling tests. All these tests show a decreased in bonding strength. The conclusion is that poplar wood cut tangentially and impregnated with CCA, bonded with D-VTKA adhesive can be used as a material in damp conditions where good bond strength is required. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2011Öğe Bond Strength/Disbonding Behavior and Dimensional Stability of Wood Materials with Different Adhesives(John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2010) Kurt, Seref; Uysal, BurhanettinIn this study, we aimed to describe the effects of adhesives [poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), Desmodur vinyl trie ketonol acetate, and urea formaldehyde (UF)] on wooden materials (Scotch pine and oriental beech) cut tangentially and radially impregnated with Protim Solignum, chromate copper arsenate (CCA), and Celcure AC 500 and exposed to humidity and water and heat-resistance, heating, and cooling tests. For the adhesives, the highest swelling (4.3%) was obtained for oriental beech bonded with UF and cut radially, and the lowest swelling (1%) was obtained for Scotch pine bonded with PVAc and cut radially. For the control samples, the humidity-resistance, water-resistance, heat-resistance, and heating and cooling tests decreased the bonding strength. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 115:438-450, 2010Öğe Bonding strength of oak with different adhesives after humid-water-heat tests(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Yorur, Huseyin; Kurt, Seref; Uysal, BurhanettinComposite materials manufactured from wood with different adhesives are being used increasingly in the construction of furniture frames and buildings. In this study, it is aimed to describe the effects of adhesives (PVAc, VTKA and UF) on white oak cut tangentially and radially impregnated with Protim WR 230, CCA, and Celcure AC 500 and exposed to humid-water-heat resistance and heating and cooling tests. Impregnation chemicals have decreased the bonding strength, and control samples gave higher bonding strength value. According to the control samples, it can be said that humid-resistance test, water-resistance test, heat-resistance test have decreased the bonding strength. As a result of the tests, white oak cut tangentially and impregnated with Protim WR 230 and bonded with VTKA adhesive can be used as a material in damp condition where the strength is required.Öğe Bonding strength of wood materials bonded with different adhesive after aging test(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2010) Uysal, Burhanettin; Kurt, Seref; Yildirim, Mehmet NuriIn this study, it is aimed to describe the effects of adhesives (PVAc, Desmodur-VTKA and phenol formaldehyde) on Uludag fir (Abies Bornmullerina M.) and Oriental beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) cut tangentially and exposed to heating tests (40, 60, and 80 C) and heating duration (30, 60 and 90 days) and controls. Consequently, when compared to control samples, the highest decrease of 26.2% in average with Oriental beech and 18.5% in average with Uludag fir was obtained with the samples bonded with D-VTKA adhesive kept for 90 days. At high temperatures phenol formaldehyde adhesives can be advised as the building material used for long terms. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Combustion properties of laminated veneer lumbers bonded with PVAc, PF adhesives and impregnated with some fire retardants(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2010) Kurt, Seref; Uysal, BurhanettinIn this study, the effects of impregnation materials di-ammonium phosphate, aluminium sulphate, potassium carbonate, calcium chloride, zinc chloride on combustion properties of 3 ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVL) produced from Walnut (Juglans regia L.) using phenol formaldehyde (PF), poly (vinyl acetate) have been investigated. The pressure-vacuum method was used for impregnation process. Combustion test was performed according to the procedure of ASTM-E 69 standards. During the test, mass reduction, temperature and released gas (CO, NO(x), SO(2), O(2)) were determined every 30s. As a result, zinc chloride was found to be the most successful fire-retardant chemical in LVL at PF adhesive. Since it diminishes combustion, the fire retardant of LVL produced from walnut using PF adhesive can be advised. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Öğe COMBUSTION PROPERTIES OF MULBERRY (MORUS ALBA L.) LAMINATED VENEER LUMBERS BONDED WITH PVAC, PF ADHESIVES AND IMPREGNATED WITH SOME FIRE-RETARDANTS(State Forest Products Research Inst, 2010) Kurt, Seref; Uysal, BurhanettinIn this study, the effects of impregnation materials di-ammonium phosphate, aluminium sulphate, potassium carbonate, calcium clorur, zinc clorur on combustion properties of 3 ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVL) produced from mulberry (Morus alba L.) by using of phenolformaldehyde (PF), poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) have been investigated. The pressure-vacuum method was used for impregnation process. Combustion test was performed according to the procedure of ASTM-E 69 standards. According to the test results zinc chloride was found to be the most successful fire retardant chemical in LVL with PF adhesive. Since zinc chloride diminishes combustion, LVL produced from mulberry with PF adhesive and impregnated with zinc chloride can be advised to be used as a fire resistant building material where required.Öğe Combustion Properties of Oak (Quercus robur L.) Laminated Veneer Lumbers Bonded With PVAc, PF Adhesives and Impregnated With Some Fire-Retardants(Vsp Bv, 2009) Kurt, Seref; Uysal, BurhanettinIn this study, the effects of impregnation materials - di-ammonium phosphate, aluminium sulphate, potassium carbonate, calcium chloride, zinc chloride - on combustion properties of 3-ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVL) produced from oak (Quercus robur L.) bound by phenol - formaldehyde (PF), or poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) have been investigated. The pressure-vacuum method was used for the impregnation process. Combustion test was performed according to the procedure of ASTM-E 69 standards. According to the test results, zinc chloride was found to be the most successful fire retardant chemical in LVL with PF adhesive. Since zinc chloride diminishes combustion, it is possible to advise the use of LVL produced from oak with PF adhesive and impregnated with zinc chloride as a fire retardant building material where required. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2009Öğe DETERMINATION OF FATIGUE AND STATIC STRENGTH OF SCOTS PINE AND BEECH WOOD(Slovak Forest Products Research Inst, 2015) Yildirim, Mehmet Nuri; Uysal, Burhanettin; Ozcifci, Ayhan; Ertas, Ahmet H.In this study, fatigue and static strength of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus orientalis L.) woods were investigated. The fatigue and static strength were conducted using a three point bending test-rig. The specimens were prepared according to ISO 3129 (1975) and fatigue and static bending test were carried out according to ISO 3133 (1975). The fatigue test was carried out at 80, 70, 60, 50 and 40 % stress level that corresponded to specific percentage of material's ultimate strength modulus of rupture (MOR). However the microstructures of fatigue failures were observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were indicated that, the fatigue life of Scots pine wood amounted to over 1 million cycle when the stress level was 40 % of MOR for Scots pine and 50 % MOR for Beech. In general, fatigue life decreased as stress level increased and vice versa. The allowable design stress is based on some percentage of MOR for furniture design. On this account, the allowable design stresses for Beech and Scots pine could be set at 50 and 40 % respectively.Öğe Determination of some physical and mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber impregnated with boron compounds(John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2007) Ozcifci, Ayhan; ors, Yalcin; Uysal, BurhanettinThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of Tanalith-C 3310 (T-C 3310), borax (Be), boric acid (Ba), borax + boric acid (Bo + Ba), and diammonium phosphate (D) impregnations for some physical and mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL). The veneers used for the LVL samples (based on BS EN 204) were cut from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.), and poplar (Populus nigra). They were impregnated with full-cell method according to ASTM-D 1413 standards and bonded with phenol formaldehyde (PF) and melamine formaldehyde (MF) adhesives. The following parameters have been tested: density, compression strength, bending strength, modulus of elasticity (MOE) in bending, and shear strength tests. Test results obtained from this study showed that impregnation with Boric acid and Tanalith-C 3310 (based acidic characteristic) affected the strength of LVL negatively, when the wood material is impregnated with acidic impregnations and bonded with PF, which is an alkali, the glue-line becomes more elastic, the bonding strength of adhesive weakens. Boric acid and Tanalith-C 3310 impregnations could not be recommended for LVL elements exposed to bending or shear strength. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe Effect of adhesives on thermal conductivity of laminated veneer lumber(Wiley-Blackwell, 2008) Kurt, Seref; Uysal, Burhanettin; Ozcan, CemalIn this study, it is aimed to describe the effect of adhesives (PVAc-polyurethane and urea formaldehyde) on wooden materials (Scotch pine and oriental beech) cut tangentially and radially and layers in laminated veneer lumber (LVL; 3, 4, 5) on thermal conductivity. The lowest thermal conductivity of 0.105 kcal/(m h degrees C) was obtained in Scotch pine, cut tangentially, bonded with polyurethane, and three-layer LVL. The highest thermal conductivity of 0.159 kcal/m h degrees C was obtained in oriental beech, cut radially, bonded with PVAc, and five-layer LVL. Consequently, oriental beech wood cut radially and bonded with PVAc adhesive and five layers in LVL can be used as a material in construction where the thermal conductivity is required. Scotch pine wood cut tangentially and bonded with polyurethane adhesive and three layers in LVL can be used as a material in construction where the insulation is required. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe Effect of dowels and adhesive types on withdrawal strength in particleboard and MDF(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Ozcan, Cemal; Uysal, Burhanettin; Kurt, Seref; Esen, RasitComposite materials and wooden dowels are being used increasingly in the construction of furniture frames and inner decoration. However, there is little information available concerning the withdrawal strength of various fasteners and in particular, dowels in these materials. The aim of this study was to determine the withdrawal strengths of 6, 8, and 10mm diameter dowels produced from different wood species bonded parallel or vertical to the surfaces of a medium-density fiberboard (MDF) or particleboard with poly vinylacetate or Desmodur (D-VTKA). According to TS 4539 standard, the effect of dowel species, direction of withdrawal, board type and the type of adhesive on the withdrawal strength were determined. The highest (8.35N/mm(2)) withdrawal strength was obtained for oak dowels bonded with D-VTKA adhesive vertically to the surface of MDF. This value is higher than the predictive expression that allows designers to estimate the withdrawal strength of dowels.Öğe The effect of steam treatment on bonding strength of impregnated wood materials(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Uysal, Burhanettin; Yorur, HuseyinIn wood materials, the species of wood, its humidity, and the type of the adhesive have an important role to make the wood material durable for a long period both in inner space and outer space. In this study, it is aimed to determine the resistance characteristics of adhesive using different impregnation chemicals and different types of adhesives before and after steam treatment. In this study, beech and poplar as wood materials; mixture of Protim-WR 235, Tanalith-C, and Celcure-AC 500 as impregnation materials; and poly vinyl acetate (PVAc), urea formaldehyde (UF), and desmodur vinyl trie ketonol acetate (D-VTKA), resistant to water, as adhesives materials were used. All samples were kept in a steaming equipment for 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96h, afterwards the maximum force of the samples were measured for each waiting period, and then their bonding strength was determined. According to the results of the study, beech control samples had higher strength than poplar control samples. Control samples bonded with D-VTKA is the least affected one compared to all original control samples in the steam test. D-VTKA can be offered as the proper adhesive for humid places. The results also showed that Tanalith-C is the least affecting impregnation material on the bonding strength.Öğe THE EFFECTS OF EDGE BANDING THICKNESS OF ULUDAG FIR BONDED WITH SOME ADHESIVES ON WITHDRAWAL STRENGTHS OF BEECH DOWEL PINS IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2009) Kurt, Seref; Uysal, Burhanettin; Ozcan, Cemal; Yildirim, Mehmet NuriComposite materials and wooden dowels are being used increasingly in the construction of furniture frames and inner decoration. Yet there is little information available concerning the withdrawal strength of various fasteners, and, in particular, dowels in composite materials edged solid wood edge bandings. The aim of this study was to determine the withdrawal strengths of 6, 8, 10 mm diameter dowels produced from beech with respect to edge of a medium-density fiberboard (MDF) or particleboard (PB) edged with 5, 10 and 15 mm thickness of solid wood edge banding of uludag fir, bonded with different adhesives. According to TS 4539 standard, the effects of edge banding thickness, dimension of dowels, type of composite materials and type of adhesives used for edge banding on the withdrawal strength were determined. The highest (6.37 N/mm(2)) withdrawal strength was obtained in beech dowels with 8 mm diameter for MDF with 5 mm thickness of solid wood edge banding of uludag fir bonded with D-VTKA adhesive. According to results, if the hole wall and the surface of dowel are smooth then the adhesives give better mechanical adhesion with dowels and composite materials.Öğe Emprenye edilmiş ahşap malzemenin yapışma direncini etkileyen faktörler(2010) Yörür, Hüseyin; Aydemir, Deniz; Uysal, Burhanettinİnsanlık tarihi boyunca en yaygın hammadde ahsap olmuştur. Sanayinin gelişmesiyle tüketim artmış ve alternatif malzemelerin gerekliliği doğmuştur. Bu gerekliliğin bir sonucu olarak, düşük kaliteli ashap malzemenin yapıştırılmasıyla lamine malzemeler elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu materyal birçok alanda kullanıma başlamıştır. Ahşap lamine malzemelerin iç ve dış ortam şartlarında uzun süre dayanıklı kalabilmesini sağlamak için ahşap malzeme çeşitli emprenye maddeleriyle muamele edilmektedir. Bu işlem sonrası lamine malzemenin üretilmesi süresince rutubet arttığı için ahşap malzemenin bir birlerine tutunma yetenekleri düşmektedir. Bu durumda lamine malzemelerin de yapışma önemli bir durum olmaktadır. Yapışma direncinin artmasıyla iyi malzemeler elde edilmektedir. Tam tersi durumunda ise çeşitli hatalar oluşmaktadır. Bu hataları engellemek için yapışmayı etkileyen faktörlerin bilinmesi önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada yapışmayı etkileyen en önemli faktörler araştırılmıştır.Öğe Impact of Impregnation with Boron Compounds on the Surface Hardness and Abrasion Resistance of Some Varnished Woods(John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2009) Atar, Musa; Uysal, Burhanettin; Sarica, MutluThis study was performed to determine the impact of impregnation with boron compounds on the Surface hardness and abrasion resistance of some varnished woods. For this purpose, test specimens prepared from Oriental beech, White oak, Scotch pine, and Uludag fir, which met the requirements of ASTM D 358, were impregnated according to ASTM D 1413-99 with boric acid (Ba), borax (Bx), and boric acid + borax (Ba+Bx) by the vacuum technique. After impregnation, the surfaces are coated with synthetic (Sn), water-borne (Wb) and acid hardening (Ah) varnishes in accordance with ASTM D 3023. the surface hardness of specimens after the varnishing process was determined in accordance with ASTM D 4366. The abrasion resistance of specimens after the varnishing process was determined in accordance with TS 4755. According to the wood type, impregnation material and varnish type, the surface hardness was the highest for Oriental beech impregnated with borax + boric acid and acid hardening varnish and the lowest for Uludag fir impregnated with borax + boric acid and synthetic varnish. According to the wood type, impregnation material and varnish type, the abrasion resistance was the highest for Oriental beech impregnated with borax + boric acid and acid hardening varnish and the lowest for Scotch pine impregnated with borax + boric acid and synthetic varnish. Those results should be taken into account for applications like parquet, flooring etc., where the surface hardness and abrasion resistance values are very important. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 204-211, 2009Öğe IMPACTS OF IMPREGNATION CHEMICALS ON FINISHING PROCESS AND COMBUSTION PROPERTIES OF ORIENTAL BEECH (FAGUS ORIENTALIS L.) WOOD(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2011) Yapici, Fatih; Uysal, Burhanettin; Kurt, Seref; Esen, Rasit; Ozcan, CemalEffects of the impregnation materials borax, boric acid, and Tanalith-E on combustion properties of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) were investigated. The immersion method was used for long-term impregnation (24 h). After the impregnation process, polyurethane as well as synthetic, acid hardening, and water-based varnishes were applied on the wood sample surfaces according to company's suggests. The combustion test was performed according to the ASTM-E 69 standard. The mass reduction, release of gasses (CO, NO, O-2), and the temperature differences of samples were determined for each 30 seconds during combustion. It was shown that the most mass reduction occurred when both polyurethane varnish and boric acid were applied.Öğe NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF WOOD STRENGTH USING THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2012) Dundar, Turker; Kurt, Seref; As, Nusret; Uysal, BurhanettinRelationships between the coefficient of thermal conductivity (CTC) and the strength properties of wood were investigated. Small clear test specimens were prepared from beech, fir, and pine wood. CTC values of the test specimens were measured based on the ASTM C 1113-99 hot-wire method. Wood density and some mechanical properties were then determined according to related ISO standards. In order to designate relationships between the CTC and mechanical properties, linear regression analysis was performed. Significant linear correlations were found between the CTC and the specific gravity, the modulus of rupture, the modulus of elasticity, and the impact bending strength of the wood from all tree species. However, there was a weak and non-significant relationship between the CTC and the compression strength of the specimens from each tree species. As a consequence, the CTC has a considerable potential in nondestructive evaluation of wood density and strength. However, the reciprocal correlations among the MC-strength, MC-CTC, temperature-strength, and temperature-CTC appear to be most significant limitations for using CTC as a NDE method for wood. Further detailed investigations are needed.Öğe THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF LAMINATED VENEER LUMBERS BONDED WITH VARIOUS ADHESIVES AND IMPREGNATED WITH VARIOUS CHEMICALS(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2009) Uysal, Burhanettin; Kurt, Seref; Ozcan, CemalIn this study it is aimed to describe the effects of adhesives (PVAc-Desmodur VTKA and Urea formaldehyde) on wooden materials (Scotch pine and oriental beech) cut tangentially and radially impregnated with Tanalith-C, creosote, and sodium silicate in layer (3, 4, 5) of laminated veneer lumber (LVLs) on thermal conductivity. The lowest thermal conductivity of 0.103 Kcal/mh degrees C was obtained in Scotch pine, cut tangentially, impregnated with creosote, bonded with urea formaldehyde, and 3 layer LVL. The highest thermal conductivity of 0.185 Kcal/mh degrees C was obtained in oriental beech, cut radially, impregnated with Tanalith-C, bonded with PVAc, and 5 layers LVL. Consequently, oriental beech wood cut radially and impregnated with Tanalith-C, bonded with PVAc adhesive and 5 layers in LVL can be used as a material in construction where the thermal conductivity is required. Scotch pine wood cut tangentially and impregnated with creosote, bonded with urea formaldehyde adhesive and 3 layers in LVL can be used as a material in construction where the insulation is required.
