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Öğe Design of hazelnut drying system supported by solar energy, investigation of drying performance and determination of proper drying model(International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2020) Acar, B.; Dagdeviren, A.; Ozkaymak, M.Rapid and efficient drying process for the hazelnuts is required because of the lack of plain areas for solar drying due to the rough landforms in the Black Sea Region, high amount of cloudy days, causing product deteriorations and rots by instantaneous rain transitions and unexpected sudden rains. In this study, a hazelnut drying system supported by solar energy in order to achieve a rapid and efficient drying process was designed and drying performance was examined. In the designed system, a spiral shaft was used for movements of the hazelnuts in the drying chamber. Besides, the inner temperature of the chamber increased with the help of a sun collector. The process control device was used to keep the inner temperature as constant at 40°C. In the experiments, 20kg weight hazelnut husk was used. The experiment was performed between 09:00 and 17:00 hours in a day with normal sunlight conditions and the total drying process took about 8 hours. The moisture ratios (MR) and drying rates (DR) graphics were obtained by scaling weight losses of the hazelnuts in each hour. As a result, it is observed that the 20kg weight of the hazelnuts decreased to the 17.201kg and therewith the total removed moisture from the hazelnuts was about 2.799kg. In the light of the moisture ratios obtained by experiments, 8 different kinetic drying models were performed with MATLAB software. According to the kinetic model results, the lowest reduced chi-square (?2) and root mean square error (RMSE) were about 241x10-6 and 155x10-4 respectively. In addition, the coefficient of determination (R2) was calculated as 0.9982 which is the highest result closest to 1. Among the 8 kinetic models, the Page model is given the best results for the drying process. © 2020 Institut za Arhitekturu i Urbanizam Srbije.Öğe Economical analysis of Huawei MA5622 external active access device charged by photovoltaic panel(International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2020) Acar, B.; Bas, S.; Yildiz, Ö.In the communication sector, in order to provide broadband internet and fixed telephone services to customers, systems called external active access devices are installed inside the building. These devices, which are usually installed in buildings in the city centers, are supplied by energy from city grid. In this study, economic analysis of HUAWEI MA5622 external active access device have been explored which is installed in 185 buildings in Karabuk province is provided by grid connected solar energy system. Karabuk province has been taken as a role model for the other regional applications that would be applied later, and after this stage it will be called as "pilot province". First of all, 300 Wp installed solar power system was designed to meet the greatest amount of energy needs of system and to meet the missing energy requirements from grid. In this way, minimum material cost and depreciation period at low installed power were calculated. Afterwards, beyond the entire power demand of the system was met, the excess power produced was planned to be sold to rid and installed power was increased. In this way, 5 different installed power system design in 600Wp, 1.5kWp, 3kWp, 5kWp, 10kWp was also made by calculating depreciation period for each system designed. The design and simulations of solar energy systems were realized by program named as PVSYST. According to the data obtained from the simulation results, the depreciation periods of the systems designed with 300Wp, 600Wp, 1.5Wp, 3kWp, 5kWp, 10kWp installed power are calculated respectively 37.8 years, 22.1 years, 16.3 years, 13.1 years, 12.2 and 9.9 years. As a result, it has been seen that depreciation period decreases as the installed power increases and the most economical system design is found to be 10kWp installed power system. © 2020, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research.Öğe Experimental investigation of collector efficiencies on separated and connected heat pipes(2008) Acar, B.; Öz, E.S.; Gedik, E.The aim of study is to determine the effect of heat pipe systems to collector efficiency at solar collectors used in supplying hot water. For this purpose, two different collectors as the connected heat pipe and separated heat pipe have been produced. The experimental studies with the collectors have been conducted in Karabük city environment. The experiments have been completed in six days. The collector efficiencies have been calculated by measuring temperature of water tanks, ambient temperature and solar radiation in both collectors. As a result, while average efficiency of the connected heat pipe collector is 57.6%, average efficiency of the separated heat pipe collector is 48.5%.Öğe Investigation of energy generation at test system designed by use of concentrated photo-voltaic panel and thermoelectric modules(International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2018) Acar, B.; Bas, S.Systems of concentrating solar energy (CPV) are photovoltaic systems that contain light-intensifying optical components. It is expected to increase performance of solar energy cell by improving sunlight intensity that falls on solar energy cell with these systems. A system of concentrating solar energy consists of a light-intensifying optical component, cell platform, also reciever, heat tank for thermal applications, main module body that consists these components as placed in approriate manner and sun tracking system. Each of these matters is still in need of research and development studies. In this study, concentrating solar system that is rarely prefered in practical use at area and thermoelectric generators were used together to develop a hybrid energy generating system. Thus, it has been researched the potential of energy generation as preferably less cost. Also, it has been determined that heat increase of water that is being used as cooling water can be evaluated in order to help thermal process and recovery as usable water due to potential of obtaining 30% of temperature increase from waste water. It has been found in study that concentrated solar energy cells can generate 15% more voltage and 60% more current than standard usage and three thermoelectric modules connected as series can generate average of 5,19 V of voltage and 0,47 A of current especially integrated to system on summers. On the other hand, it is predicted that this system will provide a light for similar studies because the system has no carbon emissions and sufficient energy efficiency. © 2018 International Journal of Renewable Energy Research.
