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    Physico-chemical and biological properties of hydroxyapatite extracted from chicken beaks
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Alshemary, Ammar Z.; Akram, Muhammad; Taha, Ali; Tezcaner, Aysen; Evis, Zafer; Hussain, Rafaqat
    In this investigation, we have extracted biological hydroxyapatite (HA) containing magnesium, sodium, aluminium, zirconium and silicon ions from the chicken beaks. Raw chicken beaks were calcined at different temperatures after washing with boiled water and organic solvents. The calcined biological HA was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), Field emission electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The viability of Saos-2 cells treated with extracts of biological HA was higher than cells on tissue culture plates (TCPs) and synthetic HA, suggesting a good cytocompatibility of biological HA. Our research has successfully shown that the chicken beaks are a cheap source of biological HA. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Strontium doped injectable bone cement for potential drug delivery applications
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Taha, Ali; Akram, Muhammad; Jawad, Zaidoon; Alshemary, Ammar Z.; Hussain, Rafaqat
    Microwave assisted wet precipitation method was used to synthesize calcium deficient strontium doped beta-tricalcium phosphate (Sr-beta TCP) with a chemical formula of Ca2.96-xSrx(PO4)(2). beta-FICP was reacted with monocalcium phosphate monohydrate [Ca(H2PO4)(2)center dot H2O, MCPM] in presence of water to furnish corresponding Sr containing brushite cement (Sr-Brc). The samples were characterized by using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Strontium content in the prepared samples was determined by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The effect of Sr2+ ions on the structural, mechanical, setting properties and drug release of the cement is reported. Incorporation of Sr2+ ions improved the injectability, setting time and mechanical properties of the Brc The release profiles of antibiotics incorporated in Brc and Sr-Brc confirmed that the Sr incorporation into the Brc results in the efficient release of the antibiotics from the cement. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.