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Öğe Analytical Investigation of Biodiesel Mixed Levels and Operation Factors' Effects on Engine Performance by RCM(International Information and Engineering Technology Association, 2022) Hamzah, A.H.; Akroot, A.; Jaber, J.A.The response surface methodology (RSM) is used in the present research together with a group of variables that have an effect on engine performance and output exhaust from the combustion process. Therefore, the purpose of the current paper is to get efficiency best by using biodiesel fuel and comparative with normal fuel. The variables under consideration include biodiesel ratio, engine load, and injection pressure. The experiments were performed with different engine speeds (1500, 2000, and 2500 rpm) and with different torques (4, 5, 5, 7, and 8 N.m). The biodiesel ratio (at 10%, 20%, and 30%) affects engine performance, power, specific fuel consumption, and mean effective pressure. The comparison is performed in the previous variables according to the gas ratio of the output exhaust (NOX, CO2, CO, HC, and smoke). The experimental work shows the center composite design approach of the response surface methodology. To get the best performance from the engine, the optimal values for the engine factors are 50% per volume, an engine speed of 2500 rpm, and an engine torque of 5.9744 Nm. The optimal engine performance responses depending on these optimal factors have been Power (KW) 2.36665, BMEB (bar) 3.6465, BSFC (g/kWh) 338.131. The exhaust released was 1.7808 (g/kWh). 273.985 (g/kWh) BSCO2, 0.0436773 (g/kWh) BSCO BSHC, NOX (2.48637 g/kWh), and 3.43418 g/kWh smoke. © 2022 WITPress. All rights reserved.Öğe Enhancing Diesel Engine Performance with Different Concentrations of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Biodiesel Blends(International Information and Engineering Technology Association, 2024) Akroot, A.; Kareem, S.; Alfaris, A.; Bdaiwi, M.This study explores the impact of adding copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles to biodiesel derived from sunflower oil on the performance of a diesel engine. Various concentrations of CuO nanoparticles were tested. Using a Korean-origin KiaBongo2701 Model 12 diesel engine, seven fuel types were examined, including pure diesel and biodiesel blends with different ratios. The effects of these blends and the performance of CuO nanoparticle additives were evaluated at various speeds and loads. Both mechanical mixing and ultrasonic devices were employed to prepare the fuel blends for comparison. Copper oxide nanoparticles significantly enhanced the performance of the D85B15 fuel blend, narrowing the performance gap with pure diesel. The results demonstrated that increasing the nanoparticle concentration led to a marked improvement in thermal efficiency at 1600 RPM, with D85B15PPM50 showing a 4.63% increase, D85B15PPM75 achieving a 6.41% improvement, and D85B15PPM100 experiencing a 7.54% boost. Diesel-like performance was attained using D85B15PPM100. D85B15's reduced calorific value raised fuel consumption, but nanoparticle integration improved brake-specific fuel consumption, especially at full load with 100 ppm copper oxide. The emissions tests showed that biodiesel blends containing nanoparticles produced less carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides than the basic mix, reducing environmental impact. At the highest concentration (100 ppm), nanoparticles virtually equaled pure diesel performance, suggesting a way to produce biodiesel with equivalent performance and reduced environmental effects. These findings demonstrate the potential of nanoparticle additions to bridge the performance gap between biodiesel and conventional diesel and make biodiesel usage in diesel engines more sustainable and efficient. Copyright: ©2024 The authors.Öğe Experimental Investigation of Direct Solar Photovoltaics that Drives Absorption Refrigeration System(Semarak Ilmu Publishing, 2023) Khudhur, J.; Akroot, A.; Al-Samari, A.Renewable energy used for refrigeration applications has become essential very recently due to the fossil fuel crisis and the global warming problem. Moreover, using photovoltaic PV to generate electricity than using inverters and energy storage represents a high-cost process. This study aims to investigate the opportunity of using PV output directly to operate a refrigeration system. The absorption refrigeration system uses heat as an energy source for the generator that drives the system. Moreover, the absorption refrigeration system doesn't have a compressor but a generator. As a result, the novel aspect of this study is the use of PV electricity's DC output to power the heater that provides the needed heat for the generator without the use of an inverter that provides AC electricity. The essential very difference here is that the compressor needs a consistent and steady electric supply. However, using DC electricity for heating is not very restricted if the voltage fluctuates a bit. A 580 W PV was used to power a refrigerator with a capacity of 70 liters. During several tests, the freezer of the fridge reached-26 C and the cabin temperature was around 10 C. This finding was similar to the performance of this fridge on a conventional heater. © 2023, Semarak Ilmu Publishing. All rights reserved.Öğe NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STEAM TURBINE PERFORMANCE IN POWER STATION WITH A LOW POWER CYCLE(Taylor's University, 2023) Bdaiwi, M.; Akroot, A.; Wahhab, H.A.A.; Mahariq, I.In this paper, an analysis of the temperature and quantity balance of the thermal power plant for the Al-Dura (K-160-13.34-0.0068) station was first studied and used for reference. This work describes a possible way to build a simulation model of the most important parts of power plant Al-Dura (K-160-13.34-0.0068). The Cycle-Tempo and MATLAB/Simulink packages are used to model the energetic and exergetic analysis of the power plant. MATLAB/Simulink software was used to simulate the behaviour of a Steam turbine with high-pressure, intermediate-pressure, and low-pressure steam, with a load response in a stable circumstance over a range of 50% to 100%. The model is based on "Stodol's law" and simulates the pressure and enthalpy alongside the dissimilar turbine phases and the vapor and water extraction. The effect of the vapor and water extraction on the turbine is also elucidated. Areas of essential energy loss and exergy decimation will be resolved. The impact of changing the power plant load on the exergy analysis is determined. The response of suggested purposes to estimate these vapor properties is compared with standard data and showed high accuracy (the modelling error is less than 0.01%). © 2023 Taylor's University. All rights reserved.Öğe NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A POROUS MEDIA SOLAR COLLECTOR INTEGRATED WITH THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM(Taylor's University, 2023) Nawaf, M.Y.; Akroot, A.; Wahhab, H.A.A.Increasing the contact area between the working fluid and solid surface is proven to be a successful technique for enhanced heat transfer. This paper presents computational simulation results of a closed active solar water heating system. The system is a novel solar water heating as it is compacted with a heat transfer unit filled with an open cell foam porous media for increased heat transfer area and molten salts of 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate as phase change material. Water is circulated between the collector and a storage tank. The numerical simulation and analysis were performed using ANSYS FLUENT 17.0, assuming a steady, incompressible, and 3D state. The system performance was tested using two flow rates of the circulating water of 2.5 and 3.5 l/min. Numerical results showed that the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet decreases with increasing water flow rates through the solar water heater. The temperature difference decreased by 11.5% when the flow rate increased from 2.5 to 3.5 l /min. Also, the results showed a good prediction of the real flow behaviour inside the thermal energy storage. Also, the evolution of the numerical simulation accuracy for porous media solar collector analysis is still a topic of future research. © 2023 Taylor's University. All rights reserved.Öğe Performance assessment of an electrolyte-supported and anode-supported planar solid oxide fuel cells hybrid system(Yildiz Technical University, 2021) Akroot, A.; Namli, L.In this study, a system-level zero-dimensional model for planar solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine (SOFC/GT) hybrid system has been studied to investigate the effect of diverse operating conditions such as operating pressure, air utilization factor (Ua), and fuel utilization factor (Uf) on the performance of a selected hybrid system. Moreover, the system’s power production and performance were discussed in two various configurations: anode-supported model (ASM) and electrolyte-supported model (ESM). This study’s models were implemented in Matlab® to calculate the optimum operating parameters and determine the hybrid system’s performance characteristics. According to the finding, a maximum of 717.8 kW power is produced at 7.7 bar pressure for the ASM. In contrast, a maximum of 630.3 kW power is produced at 12 bar pressure for ESM. The highest electrical system efficiencies for the ASM and the ESM are 62.32% and 56.23%, respectively © Copyright 2021, Yıldız Technical University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)Öğe PREDICTION OF PREMIXED FLAMES CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) / HYDROGEN GAS MIXTURES(Taylor's University, 2023) Ghazal, R.M.; Akroot, A.; Wahhab, H.A.A.The laminar burning velocities of liquid petroleum gas (LPG)-hydrogen-air mixtures are emphasized. They play a crucial role in designing and predicting combustion progress and the performance of combustion systems that utilize hydrogen as fuel. This work uses laminar burning velocities of different compositions of Iraqi LPG-hydrogen-air mixtures (4 and 10 vol.%). The measurements have been taken at ambient temperature and pressure for various equivalence ratios (? = 0.21 to 1.23). A counter combustor with a symmetrical premixed flame is suggested to enhance stability efficiency and temperature distribution and improve heat transfer with hydrogen gas addition at different percentages. The results have been demonstrated by an increase in the hydrogen concentration within hydrogen-LPG mixtures (0, 4, and 10%vol. of hydrogen) leads to a significant increase in both flame temperature (1070, 1100, and 1154 K) and burning velocities (26.7, 33 and 49.5 cm/s) respectively. Adding hydrogen to LPG makes it an excellent substitute for hydrocarbon fuels since it provides a stable flame and a large explosive area. © 2023 Taylor's University. All rights reserved.
