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Öğe A multi-criteria optimization for a radial heat sink with semicircular fins based on the design of experiments approach(Elsevier BV, 2025-02) Hussein, Yousif Hashim; Tahseen, Ahmad Tahseen; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Mithu, M.A.H.; Abdulateef, Ammar M.Radial fins play a crucial role in enhancing energy efficiency and supporting sustainable industrial practices by optimizing heat transfer, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Addressing the need for high-efficiency systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, this study highlights the importance of optimizing factors in a General Factorial Design (GFD). Factors were coded and scaled within the range of +1 to −1, accounting for variations in the units of independent variables. This study utilized the Nusselt number and thermal resistance, along with an effective regression analysis, to develop a novel predictive model. Key performance indicators included R2, adjusted R2, predicted R2, coefficient of variation (CV), and parameter separation from the best-fit results. The proposed model demonstrated remarkable accuracy in predicting the Nusselt number, with values of R2, predicted R2, adjusted R2, and CV at 98.15 %, 97.08 %, 94.87 %, and 2.44 %, respectively. For thermal resistance, the corresponding values were 97.91 % for predicted R2, 96.70 % for adjusted R2, 94.21 % for CV, and 3.33 % for parameter separation. Therefore, it is evident that the proposed model is highly accurate in predicting semicircular radial heat sink performance, offering a robust tool for future heat sink designs and sustainable thermal management systems.Öğe Compared Thermal Modeling of Anode- and Electrolyte-Supported SOFC-Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems(Asme, 2021) Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Namli, Lutfu; Ozcan, HasanIn this study, two solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) hybrid systems (anode-supported model (ASM) and electrolyte-supported model (ESM)) is developed in matlab(R) and compared. The hybrid system model is considered to investigate the impacts of various operating parameters such as SOFC operating temperature and steam/carbon ratio on power production and performance of the hybrid system where it is projected that results can be utilized as guidelines for optimal hybrid system operation. According to the findings, a maximum 695 kW power is produced at 750 degrees C operating temperature for the anode-supported model, whereas 627 kW power is produced at 1000 degrees C for the electrolyte-supported model. The highest electrical efficiencies for the anode-supported model and the electrolyte-supported model are 64.6% and 58.3%, respectively. Besides, the lower value of the steam to carbon ratio is favorable for increased power output from the fuel cell and consequently a high SOFC efficiency.Öğe Economic and Technical Assessing the Hybridization of Solar Combined Cycle System with Fossil Fuel and Rock Bed Thermal Energy Storage in Neom City(Mdpi, 2024) Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Al Shammre, Abdullah SultanRising energy demands, the depletion of fossil fuels, and their environmental impact necessitate a shift towards sustainable power generation. Concentrating solar power (CSP) offers a promising solution. This study examines a hybridization of a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) based on solar energy with fossil fuel and energy storage in rock layers to increase Saudi Arabia's electricity production from renewable energy. The fuel is used to keep the temperature at the inlet of the gas turbine at 1000 degrees C, ensuring the power produced by the Rankine cycle remains constant. During the summer, the sun is the main source of power generation, whereas in the winter, reliance on fuel increases significantly. The Brayton cycle operates for 10 h during peak solar radiation periods, storing exhaust heat in rock beds. For the remaining 14 h of the day, this stored heat is discharged to operate the Rankine steam cycle. Simulations and optimizations are performed, and the system is evaluated using a comprehensive 4E analysis (energy, exergy, exergoconomic, and environmental) alongside a sustainability assessment. A parametric evaluation examines the effect of key factors on system performance. The rock bed storage system compensates for solar intermittency, enabling power generation even without sunlight. The study reveals that the system generated 12.334 MW in June, achieving an energy efficiency of 37% and an exergy efficiency of 40.35%. The average electricity cost during this period was 0.0303 USD/kWh, and the carbon footprint was 0.108 kg CO2/kWh. In contrast, during January, the system produced 13.276 MW with an energy efficiency of 37.91% and an exergy efficiency of 44.16%. The average electricity cost in January was 0.045 USD/kWh, and the carbon footprint was 0.1 kg CO2/kWh. Interestingly, solar energy played a significant role: it contributed 81.42% of the heat in June, while in January, it accounted for 46.77%. The reduced electricity costs during June are primarily attributed to the abundant sunshine, which significantly powered the system.Öğe Effects of nano-additives in developing alternative fuel strategy for CI engines: A critical review with a focus on the performance and emission characteristics(Elsevier, 2024) Hamzah, Ameer Hasan; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Wahhab, Hasanain A. Abdul; Ghazal, Rabeea M.; Alhamd, Abdulrahman E. J.; Bdaiwi, MothanaCompression ignition (CI) engines are widely used in transportation and industry due to their reliability and high thermal efficiency. On the other hand, the use of CI engines coincides with the emission of harmful pollutants, and to address these problems, researchers were interested in studying the use of different types of fuel and additives, such as biodiesel, ethanol, and nanoparticles. Generally, there are increasing views that adding Nanoadditives to fuel improves the thermo physical properties and helps enhance combustion characteristics. More so, the investment of Nano-fuel additives generally leads to premature combustion and accelerated ignition of the fuel charge inside the engine cylinder. What's more, the optimal amount of Nano fuel additives is associated with improvements in ignition characteristics and reduced exhaust emissions. This review concentrated on recent advancements in the use of nanoparticles, specifically different types from Nanoparticles, as a diesel fuel additive, including experimental and theoretical analyses. This study's findings can contribute to the development of a more efficient and environmentally friendly diesel engine technology. Finally, potential mechanisms underlying improvements in diesel properties and combustion are also reviewed and discussed.Öğe Enhancement Heat exchanger performance by insert dimple surface ball inside tubes: A review(Elsevier, 2023) Bdaiwi, Mothana; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Wahhab, Hasanain A. Abdul; Assaf, Younus Hamoudi; Nawaf, Mohammed Y.; Talal, WadahIn this review, it provides a thorough analysis of the information for boils impact not only the rate of heat transfer but also the degree to which the flow is separated. Minor hazards that are printed on a smooth surface and used as a benchmark to determine the surface's degree of roughness are called passages. The number of dynamic masses that deceiving bodies must con-tend with. Recent studies have shown that boils inside the tubes can help decrease the trouble-some friction that the paintwork experiences. This is accomplished by lowering the conflict generated by the epidermis, which in turn substitutes clouds for the pressure brought on by boils, ultimately resulting in a worldwide advantage. It has yet to be determined in a manner that can be regarded as definitive whether or not the bumps are beneficial in lowering the amount of friction and vapours produced. More so, This article explains several factors that contribute to understanding contradictory information that can be found in the researches, also it provide some recommendations for future research by calling attention to essential sys-tematic techniques that are required to make a meaningful comparison between a smooth surface and one that has boiled in connection to the elimination of clouds.Öğe Exergo-Economic and Parametric Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery from Taji Gas Turbines Power Plant Using Rankine Cycle and Organic Rankine Cycle(Mdpi, 2023) Kareem, Alaa Fadhil; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Wahhab, Hasanain Abdul A.; Talal, Wadah; Ghazal, Rabeea M.; Alfaris, AliThis study focused on exergo-conomic and parametric analysis for Taji station in Baghdad. This station was chosen to reduce the emission of waste gases that pollute the environment, as it is located in a residential area, and to increase the production of electric power, since for a long time, Iraq has been a country that has suffered from a shortage of electricity. The main objective of this work is to integrate the Taji gas turbine's power plant, which is in Baghdad, with the Rankine cycle and organic Rankine cycle to verify waste heat recovery to produce extra electricity and reduce emissions into the environment. Thermodynamic and exergoeconomic assessment of the combined Brayton cycle-Rankine cycle/Organic Rankin cycle (GSO CC) system, considering the three objective functions of the First- and Second-Law efficiencies and the total cost rates of the system, were applied. According to the findings, 258.2 MW of power is produced from the GSO CC system, whereas 167.3 MW of power is created for the Brayton cycle (BC) under the optimum operating conditions. It was demonstrated that the overall energy and exergy efficiencies, respectively, are 44.37% and 42.84% for the GSO CC system, while they are 28.74% and 27.75%, respectively, for the Brayton cycle. The findings indicate that the combustion chamber has the highest exergy degradation rate. The exergo-economic factor for the entire cycle is 37%, demonstrating that the cost of exergy destruction exceeds the cost of capital investment. Moreover, the cost of the energy produced by the GSO CC system is USD 9.03/MWh, whereas it is USD 8.24/MWh for BC. The results also indicate that the network of the GSO CC system decreases as the pressure ratio increases. Nonetheless, the GSO CC system's efficiencies and costs increase with a rise in the pressure ratio until they reach a maximum and then decrease with further pressure ratio increases. The increase in the gas turbine inlet temperature and isentropic efficiency of the air compressor and gas turbine enhances the thermodynamic performance of the system; however, a further increase in these parameters increases the overall cost rates.Öğe Exergoeconomic Analysis of an Integrated Solar Combined Cycle in the Al-Qayara Power Plant in Iraq(Mdpi, 2023) Talal, Wadah; Akroot, AbdulrazzakEnhancing the sustainability and diversification of Iraq's electricity system is a strategic objective. Achieving this goal depends critically on increasing the use of renewable energy sources (RESs). The significance of developing solar-powered technologies becomes essential at this point. Iraq, similar to other places with high average direct normal irradiation, is a good location for concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) technology. This study aims to recover the waste heat from the gas turbine cycle (GTC) in the Al-Qayara power plant in Iraq and integrate it with a solar power tower. A thermoeconomic analysis has been done to support the installation of an integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC), which uses concentrated solar tower technology. The results indicate that the examined power plant has a total capacity of 561.5 MW, of which 130.4 MW is due to the waste heat recovery of G.T.s, and 68 MW. is from CSP. Due to the waste heat recovery of GTC, the thermal and exergy efficiencies increase by 10.99 and 10.61%, respectively, and the overall unit cost of production is 11.43 USD/MWh. For ISCC, the thermal and exergy efficiencies increase by 17.96 and 17.34%, respectively, and the overall unit cost of production is 12.39 USD/MWh. The integrated solar combined cycle's lowest monthly capacity was about 539 MW in September, while its highest monthly capacity was approximately 574.6 MW in April.Öğe An Exergoeconomic Evaluation of an Innovative Polygeneration System Using a Solar-Driven Rankine Cycle Integrated with the Al-Qayyara Gas Turbine Power Plant and the Absorption Refrigeration Cycle(Mdpi, 2024) Talal, Wadah; Akroot, AbdulrazzakThis study aims to develop, evaluate, and improve a polygeneration system that combines solar and Brayton cycle technologies and focuses on the sequential integration of heat. In this configuration, the exhaust gases from the Al-Qayyarah gas turbine power plant and the parabolic trough collector (PTC) array generate steam through a high recovery steam generation process. An absorption refrigeration system also supplies the Brayton circuit with low-temperature air. This process is evaluated from a 3E perspective, which includes exergy, energy, and exergoeconomic analyses for two different configurations. These configurations are integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) with and without absorption systems (ISCC and ISCC-ARC). In addition, a comprehensive analysis was carried out to assess the impact of critical factors on the output generated, the unit cost of the products, and the exergy and energy efficiency for each configuration. The results revealed that the power produced by the ISCC-ARC and ISCC systems is 580.6 MW and 547.4 MW, respectively. Accordingly, the total energy and exergy efficiencies for the ISCC-ARC are 51.15% and 49.4%, respectively, while for the ISCC system, they are 50.89% and 49.14%, respectively. According to the results, the total specific costs for the ISCC-ARC system increased from 69.09 $/MWh in June to 79.05 $/MWh in December. ISCC's total specific costs also fluctuate throughout the year, from 72.56 $/MWh in June to 78.73 $/MWh in December.Öğe Impact of Eucalyptus Biodiesel and Nanoparticle Additives on Diesel Engine Performance(Int Information & Engineering Technology Assoc, 2024) Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Hasan, Hasan A.; Bdaiwi, MothanaThis study delves into the potential of eucalyptus biodiesel as a future fuel alternative, focusing on its impact on key engine performance metrics: brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Eucalyptus biodiesel was produced through a controlled transesterification process, further incorporating oxide particles and nanoaluminum to investigate potential quality enhancements. Blends of varying biodiesel proportions (D95 -B5, D90 -B10, D85 -B15) were systematically evaluated in a watercooled, four-stroke, four-cylinder diesel engine across diverse operating conditions (1200, 1400, and 1600 rpm at 25%, 50%, and 75% load). Findings revealed a gradual decline in BTE and an increase in BSFC with increasing eucalyptus biodiesel content, indicating a decrease in overall fuel efficiency. To address this challenge, a further experiment explored the addition of nanoparticles (50 ppm, 75 ppm, and 100 ppm) to the D85 -B15 blend. This strategic modification yielded a promising result: a significant improvement in both BTE and BSFC, highlighting the potential of nanoparticle additives to mitigate the efficiency drawbacks of eucalyptus biodiesel. Notably, this positive trend strengthened with increasing nanoparticle concentration and operating parameters.Öğe Impact of Nano Additives in Heat Exchangers with Twisted Tapes and Rings to Increase Efficiency: A Review(Mdpi, 2023) Assaf, Younus Hamoudi; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Abdul Wahhab, Hasanain A.; Talal, Wadah; Bdaiwi, Mothana; Nawaf, Mohammed Y.The heat exchanger is crucial to all systems and applications that use it. Researchers are primarily focused on improving this component's thermal conductivity to improve its efficiency. This was achieved by using one or more of the following strategies: inserting tapes with various shapes and numbers, inserting rings of various shapes and spacing between each, and transforming a basic liquid into a nanoliquid by adding nanomaterials with high conductivity and ultra-small particle sizes. Different types of nanomaterials were added in varying concentrations. In earlier studies, it was found that every increase in heat transfer was accompanied by a pressure drop at both ends of the exchanger. The amount of heat transferred and the pressure drop are affected by many factors, such as the torsion tape ratio, the pitch of the ring, and whether the pitch faces the direction of flow or not. Heat transfer rates can also be impacted by factors such as the length and angle of the wings, how many rings and tapes there are, and whether the rings and tapes contain holes or wings. In addition, the Reynolds number, the type, conductivity, and size of nanomaterials, and the base fluid used in the nanofluid affect this. It is possible for the shape of the exchanger tube, as well as varying rates of rise, to introduce such impacts. In this study, the factors, costs, and benefits of using any technology to increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger are reviewed so that the user can make an informed decision about the technology to use.Öğe The Integration of Renewable Energy into a Fossil Fuel Power Generation System in Oil-Producing Countries: A Case Study of an Integrated Solar Combined Cycle at the Sarir Power Plant(Mdpi, 2024) Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Almaktar, Mohamed; Alasali, FerasLibya is facing a serious challenge in its sustainable development because of its complete dependence on traditional fuels in meeting its growing energy demand. On the other hand, more intensive energy utilization accommodating multiple energy resources, including renewables, has gained considerable attention. This article is motivated by the obvious need for research on this topic due to the shortage of applications concerning the prospects of the hybridization of energy systems for electric power generation in Libya. The 283 MW single-cycle gas turbine operating at the Sarir power plant located in the Libyan desert is considered a case study for a proposed Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) system. By utilizing the common infrastructure of a gas-fired power plant and concentrating solar power (CSP) technology, a triple hybrid system is modeled using the EES programming tool. The triple hybrid system consists of (i) a closed Brayton cycle (BC), (ii) a Rankine cycle (RC), which uses heat derived from a parabolic collector field in addition to the waste heat of the BC, and (iii) an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), which is involved in recovering waste heat from the RC. A thermodynamic analysis of the developed triple combined power plant shows that the global power output ranges between 416 MW (in December) and a maximum of 452.9 MW, which was obtained in July. The highest overall system efficiency of 44.3% was achieved in December at a pressure ratio of 12 and 20% of steam fraction in the RC. The monthly capital investment cost for the ISCC facility varies between 52.59 USD/MWh and 58.19 USD/MWh. From an environmental perspective, the ISCC facility can achieve a carbon footprint of up to 319 kg/MWh on a monthly basis compared to 589 kg/MWh for the base BC plant, which represents a reduction of up to 46%. This study could stimulate decision makers to adopt ISCC power plants in Libya and in other developing oil-producing countries.Öğe Investigation of free convection heat transfer from vertical cylinders with semicircular fins(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Hussein, Yousif Hashim; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Tahseen, Tahseen AhmadIn this paper, the effects of three parameters on the thermal performance of the vertical cylinder with semicircular fins was investigated experimentally. The fin shape, fin number and input heat flow on the thermal performance are studied effected. Three different heat sink models (SC-0, SC-40, and SC50) were contrasted in order to choose the best reference model. The result show that the heat transfer coefficient increased up to 30% with SC-0 and SC40, 27% with SC-0 and SC-50, while the thermal resistance of the radial heat sink was demonstrated to be less than that of SC by 17% with SC-40 and less than 19% with SC-50. Additionally, it was found that, the larger number of fins was more effective at dissipating heat than the smaller number of fins, this can be attributed to the heat transfer occurred under natural convection conditions. Finally, to developed Nusselt number correlation with experimental data, the correlation shows the good agreement with experimental data with error less than +/- 5%.Öğe NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STEAM TURBINE PERFORMANCE IN POWER STATION WITH A LOW POWER CYCLE(Taylors Univ Sdn Bhd, 2023) Bdaiwi, Mothana; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Wahhab, Hasanain A. Abdul; Mahariq, IbrahimIn this paper, an analysis of the temperature and quantity balance of the thermal power plant for the Al-Dura (K-160-13.34-0.0068) station was first studied and used for reference. This work describes a possible way to build a simulation model of the most important parts of power plant Al-Dura (K-160-13.34-0.0068). The Cycle-Tempo and MATLAB/Simulink packages are used to model the energetic and exergetic analysis of the power plant. MATLAB/Simulink software was used to simulate the behaviour of a Steam turbine with high-pressure, intermediate-pressure, and low-pressure steam, with a load response in a stable circumstance over a range of 50% to 100%. The model is based on Stodol's law and simulates the pressure and enthalpy alongside the dissimilar turbine phases and the vapor and water extraction. The effect of the vapor and water extraction on the turbine is also elucidated. Areas of essential energy loss and exergy decimation will be resolved. The impact of changing the power plant load on the exergy analysis is determined. The response of suggested purposes to estimate these vapor properties is compared with standard data and showed high accuracy (the modelling error is less than 0.01%).Öğe NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A POROUS MEDIA SOLAR COLLECTOR INTEGRATED WITH THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM(Taylors Univ Sdn Bhd, 2023) Nawaf, Mohammed Y.; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Wahhab, Hasanain A. AbdulIncreasing the contact area between the working fluid and solid surface is proven to be a successful technique for enhanced heat transfer. This paper presents computational simulation results of a closed active solar water heating system. The system is a novel solar water heating as it is compacted with a heat transfer unit filled with an open cell foam porous media for increased heat transfer area and molten salts of 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate as phase change material. Water is circulated between the collector and a storage tank. The numerical simulation and analysis were performed using ANSYS FLUENT 17.0, assuming a steady, incompressible, and 3D state. The system performance was tested using two flow rates of the circulating water of 2.5 and 3.5 l/min. Numerical results showed that the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet decreases with increasing water flow rates through the solar water heater. The temperature difference decreased by 11.5% when the flow rate increased from 2.5 to 3.5 l/min. Also, the results showed a good prediction of the real flow behaviour inside the thermal energy storage. Also, the evolution of the numerical simulation accuracy for porous media solar collector analysis is still a topic of future research.Öğe Performance assessment of an electrolyte-supported and anode- supported planar solid oxide fuel cells hybrid system(Yildiz Technical Univ, 2021) Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Namli, LutfuIn this study, a system-level zero-dimensional model for planar solid oxide fuel cell- gas turbine (SOFC/GT) hybrid system has been studied to investigate the effect of diverse operating conditions such as operating pressure, air utilization factor (U-a), and fuel utilization factor (U-1) on the performance of a selected hybrid system. Moreover, the system's power production and performance were discussed in two various configurations: anode-supported model (ASM) and electrolyte-supported model (ESM). This study's models were implemented in Matlab' to calculate the optimum operating parameters and determine the hybrid system's performance characteristics. According to the finding, a maximum of 717.8 kW power is produced at 7.7 bar pressure for the ASM. In contrast, a maximum of 630.3 kW power is produced at 12 bar pressure for ESM. The highest electrical system efficiencies for the ASM and the ESM are 62.32% and 56.23%, respectively.Öğe Performance assessment of an electrolyte-supported and anodesupported planar solid oxide fuel cells hybrid system(2021) Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Namlı, LütfüIn this study, a system-level zero-dimensional model for planar solid oxide fuel cell- gas turbine (SOFC/GT) hybrid system has been studied to investigate the effect of diverse operating conditions such as operating pressure, air utilization factor (Ua), and fuel utilization factor (Uf) on the performance of a selected hybrid system. Moreover, the system’s power production and performance were discussed in two various configurations: anode-supported model (ASM) and electrolyte-supported model (ESM). This study’s models were implemented in Matlab® to calculate the optimum operating parameters and determine the hybrid system’s performance characteristics. According to the finding, a maximum of 717.8 kW power is produced at 7.7 bar pressure for the ASM. In contrast, a maximum of 630.3 kW power is produced at 12 bar pressure for ESM. The highest electrical system efficiencies for the ASM and the ESM are 62.32% and 56.23%, respectively.Öğe PREDICTION OF PREMIXED FLAMES CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) / HYDROGEN GAS MIXTURES(Taylors Univ Sdn Bhd, 2023) Ghazal, Rabeea M.; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Wahhab, Hasanain A. AbdulThe laminar burning velocities of liquid petroleum gas (LPG)-hydrogen-air mixtures are emphasized. They play a crucial role in designing and predicting combustion progress and the performance of combustion systems that utilize hydrogen as fuel. This work uses laminar burning velocities of different compositions of Iraqi LPG-hydrogen-air mixtures (4 and 10 vol.%). The measurements have been taken at ambient temperature and pressure for various equivalence ratios (phi = 0.21 to 1.23). A counter combustor with a symmetrical premixed flame is suggested to enhance stability efficiency and temperature distribution and improve heat transfer with hydrogen gas addition at different percentages. The results have been demonstrated by an increase in the hydrogen concentration within hydrogen-LPG mixtures (0, 4, and 10%vol. of hydrogen) leads to a significant increase in both flame temperature (1070, 1100, and 1154 K) and burning velocities (26.7, 33 and 49.5 cm/s) respectively. Adding hydrogen to LPG makes it an excellent substitute for hydrocarbon fuels since it provides a stable flame and a large explosive area.Öğe Solar Energy and Factors Affecting the Efficiency and Performance of Panels in Erbil/Kurdistan(Int Information & Engineering Technology Assoc, 2023) Dawood, Tareq Aziz; Barwari, Ramzi Raphael Ibraheem; Akroot, AbdulrazzakAs an alternative to fossil fuels to protect the environment from harmful Pollutants and because of the negative impact of fossil fuels on the environment, the renewable energies necessary to use in the production of electrical energy have been studied. This inquiry focuses mostly on the use of solar power as new technology for electricity production. As part of this research, an investigation has been conducted to establish the quantity of solar radiation that hits the solar panels, the efficiency of these panels, and the factors affecting their performance. In addition to covering the entire surface with water and analyzing how well it performs during a rainstorm. The maximum production of electrical energy from the panels was obtained when the weather was clear at a rate of 237.5 kilowatts / square meter/month. The effect of temperature change and radiation on photovoltaic cells was studied. It was found that the highest current occurred at a temperature of 55celcius. The effect of atmospheric humidity was studied and the effect of the productivity of solar panels. It was found that with increased humidity, the cells lose 30% of the total efficiency of electrical energy. The effect of dust accumulation on the panels was studied and it was found that the efficiency of the system decreases when the dust is increased on the solar panels. As for the effect of wind speed, it explained its impact in detail and its effect on solar panels. It also showed the effect of solar radiation and time on the voltage efficiency of solar cells. This study dealt with a simulation of solar cell efficiency to evaluate solar cell performance in different conditions and factors via MATLAB. This study concluded that maintaining the highest performance of solar cells and their durability is through maintaining the cleanliness of the panels and continuing their periodic maintenance. A comparison between the experimental and model simulation results confirmed the reality of the results, and indicate the validity of the exact model. These distinguished results of the study indicate that solar panels are the energy of the future., A comparison between the experimental and model simulation results confirmed the reality of the results, and indicate the validity of the exact model.Öğe Techno-Economic and Environmental Impact Analysis of a 50 MW Solar-Powered Rankine Cycle System(Mdpi, 2024) Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Al Shammre, Abdullah SultanThe interest in combined heat and solar power (CHP) systems has increased due to the growing demand for sustainable energy with low carbon emissions. An effective technical solution to address this requirement is using a parabolic trough solar collector (PTC) in conjunction with a Rankine cycle (RC) heat engine. The solar-powered Rankine cycle (SPRC) system is a renewable energy technology that can be relied upon for its high efficiency and produces clean energy output. This study describes developing a SPRC system specifically for electricity generation in Aden, Yemen. The system comprises parabolic trough collectors, a thermal storage tank, and a Rankine cycle. A 4E analysis of this system was theoretically investigated, and the effects of various design conditions, namely the boiler's pinch point temperature and steam extraction from the high-pressure turbine, steam extraction from the intermediate-pressure turbine, and condenser temperature, were studied. Numerical simulations showed that the system produces a 50 MW net. The system's exergetic and energy efficiencies are 30.7% and 32.4%. The planned system costs 2509 USD/h, the exergoeconomic factor is 79.43%, and the system's energy cost is 50.19 USD/MWh. The system has a 22.47 kg/MWh environmental carbon footprint. It is also observed that the performance of the cycle is greatly influenced by climatic circumstances. Raising the boiler's pinch point temperature decreases the system's performance and raises the environmental impact.Öğe Technoeconomic Analysis of Oxygen-Supported Combined Systems for Recovering Waste Heat in an Iron-Steel Facility(Mdpi, 2024) Besevli, Busra; Kayabasi, Erhan; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Talal, Wadah; Alfaris, Ali; Assaf, Younus Hamoudi; Nawaf, Mohammed Y.In this study, it is proposed to generate electrical energy by recovering the waste heat of an annealing furnace (AF) in an iron and steel plant using combined cycles such as steam Rankine cycle (SRC), organic Rankine cycle (ORC), Kalina cycle (KC) and transcritical CO2 cycle (t-CO2). Instead of releasing the waste heat into the atmosphere, the waste heat recovery system (WHRS) discharges the waste heat into the plant's low-temperature oxygen line for the first time, achieving a lower temperature and pressure in the condenser than conventional systems. The waste heat of the flue gas (FG) with a temperature of 1093.15 K from the reheat furnace was evaluated using four different cycles. To maximize power generation, the SRC input temperature of the proposed system was studied parametrically. The cycles were analyzed based on thermal efficiency and net output power. The difference in SRC inlet temperature is 221.6 K for maximum power output. The proposed system currently has a thermal efficiency and total power output of 0.19 and 596.6 kW, respectively. As an environmental impact, an emission reduction potential of 23.16 tons/day was achieved. In addition, the minimum power generation cost of the proposed system is $0.1972 per kWh.
