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Öğe The effect of air quality parameters on new COVID-19 cases between two different climatic and geographical regions in Turkey(Springer Wien, 2023) Ulutas, Kadir; Abujayyab, Sohaib K. M.; Abu Amr, Salem S. S.; Alkarkhi, Abbas F. M.; Duman, SibelDifferent health management strategies may need to be implemented in different regions to cope with diseases. The current work aims to evaluate the relationship between air quality parameters and the number of new COVID-19 cases in two different geographical locations, namely Western Anatolia and Western Black Sea in Turkey. Principal component analysis (PCA) and regression model were utilized to describe the effect of environmental parameters (air quality and meteorological parameters) on the number of new COVID-19 cases. A big difference in the mean values for all air quality parameters has appeared between the two areas. Two regression models were developed and showed a significant relationship between the number of new cases and the selected environmental parameters. The results showed that wind speed, SO2, CO, NOX, and O-3 are not influential variable and does not affect the number of new cases of COVID-19 in the Western Black Sea area, while only wind speed, SO2, CO, NOX, and O-3 are influential parameters on the number of new cases in Western Anatolia. Although the environmental parameters behave differently in each region, these results revealed that the relationship between the air quality parameters and the number of new cases is significant.Öğe The Effect of Graphene Oxide and SEBS-g-MAH Compatibilizer on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene/Talc Composite(Mdpi, 2021) Joynal Abedin, Fatin Najwa; Hamid, Hamidah Abdul; Alkarkhi, Abbas F. M.; Amr, Salem S. Abu; Khalil, Nor Afifah; Ahmad Yahaya, Ahmad Naim; Hossain, Md. SohrabIn this study, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/talc/graphene oxide/SEBS-g-MAH (ABS/Talc/GO/SEBS-g-MAH) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/graphene oxide/SEBS-g-MAH (ABS/GO/SEBS-g-MAH) composites were isolated with varying graphene oxide (0.5 to 2.0 phr) as a filler and SEBS-g-MAH as a compatibilizer (4 to 8 phr), with an ABS:talc ratio of 90:10 by percentage. The influences of graphene oxide and SEBS-g-MAH loading in ABS/talc composites were determined on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. It was found that the incorporation of talc reduces the stiffness of composites. The analyses of mechanical and thermal properties of composites revealed that the inclusion of graphene oxide as a filler and SEBS-g-MAH as a compatibilizer in the ABS polymer matrix significantly improved the mechanical and thermal properties. ABS/talc was prepared through melt mixing to study the fusion characteristic. The mechanical properties showed an increase of 30%, 15%, and 90% in tensile strength (TS), flexural strength (FS), and flexural modulus (FM), respectively. The impact strength (IS) resulted in comparable properties to ABS, and it was better than the ABS/talc composite due to the influence of talc in the composite that stiffens and reduces the extensibility of plastic. The incorporation of GO and SEBS-g-MA also shows a relatively higher thermal stability in both composites with and without talc. The finding of the present study reveals that the graphene oxide and SEBS-g-MAH could be utilized as a filler and a compatibilizer in ABS/talc composites to enhance the thermo-mechanical stability because of the superior interfacial adhesion between the matrix and filler.Öğe Effects of Meteorological Parameters on Surface Water Loss in Burdur Lake, Turkey over 34 Years Landsat Google Earth Engine Time-Series(Mdpi, 2021) Abujayyab, Sohaib K. M.; Almotairi, Khaled H.; Alswaitti, Mohammed; Amr, Salem S. Abu; Alkarkhi, Abbas F. M.; Tasoglu, Enes; Hussein, Ahmad MohdAzizThe current work aims to examine the effect of meteorological parameters as well as the temporal variation on the Burdur Lake surface water body areas in Turkey. The data for the surface area of Burdur Lake was collected over 34 years between 1984 and 2019 by Google Earth Engine. The seasonal variation in the water bodies area was collected using our proposed extraction method and 570 Landsat images. The reduction in the total area of the lake was observed between 206.6 km(2) in 1984 to 125.5 km(2) in 2019. The vegetation cover and meteorological parameters collected that affect the observed variation of surface water bodies for the same area include precipitation, evapotranspiration, albedo, radiation, and temperature. The selected meteorological variables influence the reduction in lake area directly during various seasons. Correlations showed a strong positive or negative significant relationship between the reduction and the selected meteorological variables. A factor analysis provided three components that explain 82.15% of the total variation in the data. The data provide valuable references for decision makers to develop sustainable agriculture and industrial water use policies to preserve water resources as well as cope with potential climate changes.Öğe Evaluation and mechanism of glucose production through acid hydrolysis process: Statistical approach(Elsevier, 2021) Alkarkhi, Abbas F. M.; Danish, Mohammed; Abu Amr, Salem S.; Alqaraghuli, Wasin A. A.; Ayoub, MuhammadThis study investigated glucose production through the hydrolysis process of centipede grass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) using dilute hydrochloric acid. The centipede grass was characterized for moisture content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon before using it in the hydrolysis process for glucose production. Two statistical designs were used to optimize the hydrolysis process variables. The model validation was studied through the first-order two-level factorial design and independent variable optimization through response surface methodology's second-order face-centered central composite design (FCCD). Twenty experiments obtained from FCCD were analyzed, and graphs are plotted for the main effect and significant interactions. The results showed that maximum (optimum) absorbance of glucose (0.36 equivalent to 17.24 mg glucose/10 g centipede grass) was achieved after 108 min of hydrolysis time at temperature 50.5 degrees C with the hydrochloric acid concentration of 8.94%. The analysis of variance results revealed that incubation time, reaction temperature, and hydrochloric acid concentration significantly affect glucose absorbance. The regression model showed that there are two options to achieve maximum absorbance of glucose. Glucose extraction from grass will be the future source of energy. The benefit of turning grass biomass into a value-added product is not only economical beneficial but also help in waste management and pollution remediation.Öğe Evaluation of landfill leachate treatment system using multivariate analysis(Desalination Publ, 2021) Ayash, Muneer M. A.; Abu Amr, Salem S.; Alkarkhi, Abbas F. M.; Zulkifli, Muzafar; Mahmud, M. N.In this study, selected physicochemical and heavy metal concentrations were identified and analyzed in leachate samples. The leachate samples were collected at four different stages namely; raw equalization pond (EqP), dissolved air floatation combined with coagulation ( DAF1/coagulation), sequencing batch reactor (SBR), and dissolved air floatation combined with coagulation (DAF2/coagulation). For each stage, 19 parameters were tested covering 12 physiochemical parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, ammonical nitrogen (NH3-N), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total concentrations of sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) as well as the total concentrations of seven heavy metals involving iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). Identifying the characteristics of the four leachate samples from each stage was aided with three different statistical methods consisting of descriptive, factor, and cluster analyses. The results of factor analysis showed that 95.34% of the total variation in the selected parameters was explained by two factors and identified as the responsible factors. Cluster analysis exhibited that the four ponds entirely have different properties (EqP, DAF1, SBR, and DAF2). This study helps to evaluate and comprehend the behavior of the designated parameters and better understand their relationships with one another for more efficient, practical, and productive landfill leachate treatment and management.Öğe Multivariate Analysis for Air Contamination and Meteorological Parameters in Zonguldak, Turkey(Jordan Univ Science & Technology, 2022) Uluta, Kadir; Alkarkhi, Abbas F. M.; Abujayyab, Sohaib K. M.; Abu Amr, Salem S.This study evaluates the concentration of PM10, PM2.5, NOx, NO2, CO and SO2 parameters and the four climatological parameters (temperature, wind speed, humidity and net radiation flux) during the four seasons. Various statistical techniques were utilized to study the behavior of the selected parameters during the seasons. Descriptive statistics exhibited that the studied parameters have high concentrations in winter, except for NO2 (which has a high concentration in autumn), while the concentrations of those parameters were the lowest in summer, except for NO2 and NOX (which have high concentrations in spring). Factor analysis (FA) showed that more than 80% of the total variation belongs to two factors, where 19.47% of the variation was due to wind speed and humidity, while other parameters were responsible for 62.90% of the total variation. Cluster analysis (CA) evaluated the similarity and dissimilarity between various elements through identifying four clusters representing the seasons; cluster 1: autumn, cluster 2: winter, cluster 3: spring and cluster 4: summer. This clustering indicates that the four seasons are entirely different. The highest dissimilarity was reported between summer and the other seasons. CA also classified all parameters into five statistically different clusters; cluster 1: PM10, PM (2.5) and CO; cluster 2: SO2, NOX and NO2; cluster 3: humidity; cluster 4: temperature and radiation and cluster 5: wind speed. This study illustrates the benefits of using multivariate techniques for the evaluation and interpretation of the total variation to get a better picture of the pollution sources/factors and understand the behaviors of the parameters in the air.Öğe The performance of S2O82- / Zn2+ oxidation system in landfill leachate treatment(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Abu Amr, Salem S.; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Bashir, Mohammed JK.; Alkarkhi, Abbas F. M.; Aziz, Shuokr QaraniIn this paper, the application of combined S2O82- / Zn2+ oxidation was investigated for landfill leachate treatment. Several dosage ratios (g/g) from Sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8 M = 238 g/mol) and Zinc chloride (ZnCl4 207.1920 g/mole) were added to the leachate sample in one oxidation reactor. Results showed that the maximum removal efficiencies for COD (88%) and colour (98%) were obtained using 2 g/12 g S2O82- / Zn2+ dosage, pH (11), and 120 min reaction time, while the maximum removal for NH3-N (60%) was obtained at 180 min of oxidation. In addition, the biodegradability (BOD5/COD) ratio was improved from 0.07 to 0.19. Moreover, the performance of the new oxidation processes (S2O82- / Zn2+) compared to other related treatment processes such as S2O82- oxidation alone, ZnCl4 coagulation, S2O82- oxidation followed by ZnCl4 coagulation and ZnCl4 coagulation followed by S2O82-. The results of S2O82- / Zn2+ oxidation achieved higher removal for COD, colour and ammonia compared to other related processes. The results revealed that S2O82- / Zn2+ oxidation system can be recommended as an efficient process for organic and ammonia removal from leachate.Öğe Statistical model for comparing the performance of two coagulants using response surface model(Desalination Publ, 2022) Ayash, Muneer M. A.; Alkarkhi, Abbas F. M.; Abu Amr, Salem S.; Mahmud, M. N.; Zulkifli, MuzafarIn this research, the performances of modified tannin and aluminium sulfate (alum) for stabilized leachate treatment were investigated and compared using coagulant dosage, pH, and rapid mixing speed as the input variables. Four different responses were used to compare the treatment performances; the responses are, chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3??? N) and total suspended solids (TSS). The results of the analysis for 36 experiments showed that the optimum operating conditions for 1% modified tannin and 10% alum are a coagulant dosage of 6 mL, a pH of 9 and a rapid mixing speed of 100 rpm. The optimum removal efficiencies of COD, color, NH3???N and TSS using 1% modified tannin were 42.86%, 54.38%, 39.39% and 60.33% respectively, and using 10% alum were 60.71%, 63.09%, 42.42% and 60.33%, respectively. The findings revealed that the effectiveness of modified tannin for the treatment of landfill leachate was significant using a ten-time lower dosage concentration than alum. This study will help better understanding the behaviour of organic and inorganic coagulants for wastewater treatments using the same polynomial model.Öğe Treatment of rubber wastewater using zinc sulphate as coagulants-data collection on removal efficiency for physicochemical and heavy metal parameters(Elsevier, 2021) Alkarkhi, Abbas F. M.; Abu Amr, Salem S.; Alqaraghuli, Wasin A. A.; Ozdemir, Yahya; Zulkifli, Muzafar; Mahmud, M. N.This article provides data regarding the performance of zinc sulphate as a coagulant for treating rubber industry wastewater. The effect of four factors on removal efficiency of nine parameters is investigated, namely: pH, mixing speed, dosage of coagulant (zinc sulphate) and retention time. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of selected variables. The data obtained from face centered composite design (FCCD) were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression model to find the optimum operating conditions for the selected factors. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
