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    The effect of fusel oil and waste biodiesel fuel blends on a CI engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics
    (Springer, 2024) Ciftci, Burak; Karagoz, Mustafa; Aydin, Mustafa; Celik, Mustafa Bahattin
    In this study, experimental engine tests were conducted to investigate the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using a fuel blend composed of diesel, biodiesel, and fusel oil. In the study, which was carried out by using fuels obtained from different wastes together in a diesel engine. Seven different fuels were prepared for experiments by adding waste cooking oil (30% and 50%) and fusel oil (5% and 10%) by volume to commercial diesel fuel. The tests were carried out on the Lombardini LDW 1003 engine, a three-cylinder diesel engine, at four different engine loads (10, 20, 30, and 40 Nm), and a constant speed (2000 rpm). The experimental results revealed that the use of WCO generally led to increased NOx emissions which generally decreased with the fusel oil addition to the fuel mixture. Considering diesel fuel as a reference at maximum load conditions, there was a 12.63% increase in NOx emissions with 50% WCO. A 2.45% decrease in NOx emissions was achieved by adding 10% fusel oil. Furthermore, HC emissions decreased with the addition of both fusel oil and WCO at all load levels. When diesel fuel is taken as a reference at maximum load conditions, a 90% reduction in HC emissions was achieved by adding 50% WCO, and a 50% reduction in HC emissions was achieved by adding 10% fusel oil. Additionally, when diesel fuel is taken as a reference at maximum load condition, it was observed that a 0.05% increase in the maximum cylinder pressure value with the addition of 50% WCO and a 2.09% increase in the maximum cylinder pressure value with the addition of 10% fusel oil.
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    The effect of the CO2 ratio in biogas on the vibration and performance of a spark ignited engine
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Karagoz, Mustafa; Saridemir, Suat; Deniz, Emrah; Ciftci, Burak
    Being a renewable fuel, biogas can be produced either through anaerobic digestion from animal manure, inedible seed residue, food waste, agricultural waste, domestic waste and sewage sludge or through thermo-chemical processes. Along with thermal applications, by means of combustion inside an engine, biogas can produce both mechanical and electric energy. Depending on the inertia forces of the active parts and the characteristics of the in-cylinder combustion of the engine, vibration can be quite a big problem because it leads to rapid breakdown of engine parts, noisy operation and decreased performance and power output. The CO2 in biogas is an important compound that affects its lower heating value (LHV), burning characteristics and exhaust emissions. There are a limited number of studies in the literature on the effect of biogas CO2 content on engine vibration. In the present study, a four-cylinder diesel engine was modified to operate with a spark plug and used to detect the effect of the biogas CO2 content on the vibration of the engine. The experiments were carried out with biogas containing 13% and 49% CO2 at 1.5-9 kW with 1.5 kW load increments at a steady 1500 rpm speed. The amplitude of the engine vibration at all three axes increased as the CO2 ratio in the biogas and the engine load increased. On the other hand, by decreasing the CO2 ratio and increasing the engine load, cylinder pressure increased and brake specific fuel consumption decreased. The highest amplitude of engine vibration for all loads was observed at the lateral axis.
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    Environmental pollution cost analysis of a diesel engine fueled with biogas-diesel-tire pyrolytic oil blends
    (Elsevier - Division Reed Elsevier India Pvt Ltd, 2021) Tunc, Nuri; Karagoz, Mustafa; Ciftci, Burak; Deniz, Emrah
    Fuels obtained from waste in seeking of sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel are promising for internal combustion engines. In this study, an environmental pollution cost analysis was performed for a diesel engine fueled with blends of pyrolytic oil - biogas - neat diesel fuel. Five different test fuels were studied. Neat diesel fuel (DF), the fuel mixture prepared by blending 10% pyrolytic oil to 90% neat diesel fuel by volume (DF90P10). While the DF90P10 fuel was supplied to the engine from the injector, the experiments were carried out with different fuel combinations created by delivering gaseous biogas at constant flow rates of 1, 3 and 5 L/min from the intake manifold (DF90P10B1, DF90P10B3, DF90P10B5). The experiments were carried out in a single-cylinder, air-cooled, direct injection diesel engine, with a constant engine speed of 3000 rpm and four different engine loads ranging from 0.25 to 1 kW, with prepared fuel blends. Fuel consumption, exhaust emissions, exhaust and engine block temperatures were measured to make environmental pollution cost analysis. In these tests, it was found that the DF90P10B1 test fuel performs better results as compared to those of neat diesel fuel which is reference fuel and other test fuels in terms of environmental pollution cost analysis. Pyrolytic oil - biogas - diesel fuel mixtures in variable ratios, can be used as an alternative fuel instead of neat diesel in diesel engines without any engine modifications. (C) 2020 Karabuk University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.
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    An experimental assessment of combustion and performance characteristics of a spark ignition engine fueled with co-fermentation biogas and gasoline dual fuel
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2022) Agbulut, Umit; Aydin, Mustafa; Karagoz, Mustafa; Deniz, Emrah; Ciftci, Burak
    Natural gas, biogas and alcohols are alternative fuels for spark ignition engines which can be used for reducing exhaust emissions and improving performance metrics. At the first stage of the study, a pilot scale biogas system was built, and biogas was produced from a mixture of manure and water called slurry, consisting of 40% cattle manure, 35% water, 17% whey and 8% poultry manure by co-fermentation method. Scrubbing and desulfurization were applied to remove the harmful gasses (CO2, H2S) from the produced biogas in two stages. In the end of the purification process, biogas with a CH4 content of 51%, 57% and 87% was produced. In the second stage, these biogas fuels were used in an SI engine, and their impacts on performance and combustion characteristics were investigated experimentally. A 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, water cooled SI engine with an 11:1 compression ratio was used in the experiments. Tests were conducted at various loads and constant speed. Results showed that daily amount of mean biogas production has reached 1.6 m(3)/day and biogas methane content has reached 72%. In engine tests, as the methane ratio in biogas increases, cylinder pressure and exhaust temperature values increase and brake specific fuel consumption decreases.
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    AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF BIOGAS PURIFICATION WITH GRANULATED SLAG UNDER DIFFERENT PRESSURES
    (Health & Environment Assoc, 2017) Karagoz, Mustafa; Tunc, Nuri; Ciftci, Burak; Deniz, Emrah
    Biogas, with its production and energy potential, is an important renewable energy source for the developing renewable energy market. Biogas is a type of fuel that is produced from the biochemical degradation of biomass. It has a density similar to oxygen and before the biogas can be used, it is necessary to remove the contaminant gas content. Biogas is a gas obtained by degradation of biological wastes in an anaerobic environment. The contaminants in the biogas can decrease the lower heating value of the fuel and also cause corrosion and rust in the equipment and components used. Therefore, before using biogas, it is necessary to remove contaminants in it. In this study, biogas has been produced from animal waste by co-fermentation method. In order to purify the produced biogas from the pollutant gases, the effect of granular slag (an iron steel plant waste) in H2S removal from the biogas, has been investigated experimentally for different pressures. Experiment results gave an average amount of biogas production of 1.6 m(3) / day and methane (CH4) content reaching up to 71%. At the end of the process, it was determined that the 278 ppm H2S value of the biogas measured before entering the purification tower with slag material was purified with a ratio of 31% and decreased to 192 ppm without significant loss of methane.