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Öğe Design of indoor robot prototype guided by rfid based positioning and navigation system(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2021) Demiral, E.; Karas, A.R.; Karakaya, Y.; Kozlenko, M.In this study, a robot prototype was designed for indoor spaces guided by an RFID-based positioning and navigation system. First, the work area was prepared from cardboard material and RFID cards were placed at predetermined points in the work area. The unique ID number of each RFID card was defined and the coordinates of their location in the work area are known. The RFID reader in the robot prototype reads from less than 5 cm. With a basic approach, when the robot reads an RFID card that it passes over while in motion, the position of the robot is considered the same as the position of the card it is currently reading. The route is defined for the robot prototype whose location is known before starting the movement. When the robot reads a new RFID card during movement, it must move forward or turn left or right to reach the point where the next RFID card is located according to the route. This decision was predetermined and defined according to its location. Alphabot was used as the prototype. Arduino board and additional auxiliary sensors such as gyro sensor, speed sensors, distance sensors are placed on the prototype. The prototype robot is left at any point in the work area and arrives at a target point determined by the user. The required road route to reach the destination is calculated with the shortest path algorithm depending on the road network on the working area and the route is defined. Thus, it is ensured that the prototype reaches the target without any external intervention by the user other than target determination. © Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License.Öğe EVALUATION of PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10) DISTRIBUTIONS in AZMIR USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS for SMART CITIES APPLICATIONS(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2021) Ulutas, K.; Abujayyab, S.K.M.; Karas, A.R.In this study, PM10 values from the air quality monitoring station in Izmir was evaluated. 9 stations could be used in this study, since PM10 data are suitable to evaluate for the years 2020-2019-2018. The 4-season and annual PM10 distribution map for 3 years was prepared using ArcGIS. The benefits of these maps to city managers in the smart city application were expressed. In addition, PM10 data of 9 stations were evaluated according to legal limit values. It was determined that AliaAa and Gaziemir stations exceeded the limit values more than other stations. It has been observed that different sources of air pollution such as industry, traffic and heating affect different districts. When the number of days exceeding the limit value and the number of days without measurement are evaluated together, it is seen that the limit values are exceeded by all stations. © Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License.Öğe A Review of the distinguishing features of the historical buildings in safranbolu region for the purpose of classification for semantically enhanced 3d building model(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2021) Aksin, M.; Karas, A.R.In addition to making our daily life easier with the use of it in different areas of our lives, technology continues to be used increasingly with different applications in many sectors.With the increase of developments in the construction sector, which is the locomotive of many sectors, different applications have been used in the field of modelling. But a building needs many projects such as static, dynamic, electricity, installation, furniture, etc. While these sectors are working with different software specific to them, it has been possible to work on these building projects in a single project by the help of BIM (Building Information Modelling).
In addition to its function of projecting new buildings, BIM is an important development and building model in terms of preserving historical buildings, easily creating original building details, and transferring them to future generations without deterioration. The term HBIM (Historic Heritage Building Information Modelling) has been brought to the literature by using the BIM model in historical buildings.
The known history of Safranbolu district of Karabuk in Turkey dates back to 3000 years. Safranbolu, which has hosted Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman empires in its history, has buildings that are still preserved with their originality. These structures were built in the pre-Ottoman, the Ottoman and the Republic periods.
In our study, historical buildings such as houses, commercial houses, places of worship, inns, baths, fountains, and clock towers will be examined. Building models and distinctive features were examined to classify these structures by modeling them with BIM.
While the differentiation of the buildings can be made easily by the building model, the distinguishing features of the houses built in different periods or by different civilizations were also determined in order to distinguish the housing types.
While structures such as baths, clock towers or inns are not in a number that can be classified, it has been observed that there are residences, businesses and places of worship that can be classified. It has been determined that it is possible to classify the buildings by their materials, building sizes and shapes, and by their other features that can be used to classify.
© Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License.Öğe TOWARDS WEBCAM-BASED FACE DIRECTION TRACKING to DETECT LEARNERS' ATTENTION within ASYNCHRONOUS E-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2021) Ramaha, N.T.A.; Karas, A.R.; Gül, E.; Bozkurt, M.R.; Yayvan, R.Recently, as a consequence of COVID-19 pandemic, the delivery of education at most of the educational institutions depended mainly on e-learning. So, the researchers give more attention for both synchronous and asynchronous e-learning. Although from an economical perspective, asynchronous e-learning seems to be the best e-learning option for institutions, still one of the biggest challenges is how to keep learners motivated for the entire learning process. One of important motivational factors that drives the success of the learning process is the learner attention. Therefore, to retain the learners' attention during the asynchronous e-learning process, we need first to detect their loss of attention. Accordingly, more studies started to focus on detecting learners' attention. However, those studies can't be widely used for attention detection within asynchronous e-learning environments, as the used approaches tend to be inaccurate, and complex for the design and maintain. In contrast, in this study, we explore the possibility to find a simple way that can be widely used to detect learners' attention within the asynchronous e-learning environments. Therefore, we used webcams which are available in almost every laptop, and computer vision tools to detect learners' attention by tracking their faces. Thereafter, we evaluated the accuracy of our suggested method, the result of this evaluation showed that our method is efficient. © Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License.
