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Öğe Adhesive bond performance of heat-treated wood at various conditions(Triveni Enterprises, 2016) Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Ozbay, GunayHeat treatment of wood leads to chemical, structural and physical changes in wood constituents, which can significantly affect the bonding performance of wood in several ways depending on the adhesive type used. In the present study, fir (Abies bornrniineriana Mattf.) and beech (Fagus orientalis L.) were heat treated at 170 degrees C, 180 degrees C, 190 degrees C, 200 and 212 degrees C for 2 hours. Four different types of adhesives were used for bonding process: melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF), melamine formaldehyde (MF), phenol formaldehyde (PF), and polyurethane (PUR) For all the pretreatment conditions, highest shear strength of adhesive bonds of each adhesive system was observed for untreated samples and shear strength decreased with increasing heat treatment. The strength of each adhesive bond of samples which were soaked in water was much less than dry samples, approximately half of the dry strength. Generally, the shear strength of the adhesive bonds after boiling was smaller than or similar to the values obtained for soaking. The untreated samples lost more strength after soaking and boiling than heat treated samples. With increasing heat treatment severity, reduction in shear strength increased in dry samples while decreased in soaking and boiling samples. For instance, after soaking, the untreated samples lost more strength (almost 39%) than heat treated samples (almost 24% for most severely heat treated samples). The results showed that the shear strength of adhesive bonds was influenced by heat treatment and depended on pretreatment of samples prior to testing. In general, all adhesives used performed in quite a similar way for all pretreatment conditions, and the bonding performance of heat treated fir wood was less satisfactory than that of beech wood for all adhesive system and condition.Öğe Bond Strength-Disbonding Behavior and Dimensional Stability of Walnut and Poplar Impregnated with Some Chemicals and Bonded with PVAc, VTKA and Urea Formaldehyde(Brill Academic Publishers, 2011) Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Kurt, Seref; Uysal, BurhanettinThe aim of this study, is to describe the effects of adhesives (PVAc-Desmodur VTKA and Urea formaldehyde) on wooden materials (walnut and poplar) cut tangentially and radially impregnated with Protim Solignum, CCA and Celcure AC 500 and exposed to: humid-water-heat resistance; heating; and cooling tests. All these tests show a decreased in bonding strength. The conclusion is that poplar wood cut tangentially and impregnated with CCA, bonded with D-VTKA adhesive can be used as a material in damp conditions where good bond strength is required. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2011Öğe Characteristics of heat-treated Turkish pine and fir wood after ThermoWood processing(Triveni Enterprises, 2010) Kol, Hamiyet SahinThe Finnish wood heat treatment technology Thermo Wood, was recently introduced to Turkey Data about the mechanical and physical properties of Turkish wood species are important for industry and academia. In this study, two industrially important Turkish wood species, pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) and fir (Abies bornmulleriana Met) were heat-treated using the Thermo Wood process. Pine and fir samples were thermally modified for 2 hr at 212 and 190 degrees C, respectively The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity in bending (MOE), impact bending strength (IBS), and compression strength (CS), in addition to swelling (Sw) and shrinkage (Sh) of thermally-modified wood were examined The results indicate that the heat treatment method clearly decreased the MOR, MOE and IBS of pine and fir However, a small increase was observed for CS values of heat treated wood species. The most affected mechanical properties were MOR and IBS for both pine and fir. The reduction in MOE was smaller than that in MOR and IBS. Volumetric shrinkage and swelling of these species were also improved by approximately half. In Addition, the changes in the mechanical and physical properties studied in pine were larger than that of firÖğe Comparison of effective removal of cationic malachite green dye from waste water with three different adsorbents: date palm, date palm biochar and phosphated biochar(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Sismanoglu, Sedef; Shakir, Safa Abdulmahdi; Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Hani, Yahia Bani; Aghlara, Elham; Akalin, Mehmet KuddusiAdsorbents obtained from agricultural wastes attract attention because they are both effective, inexpensive and environmentally friendly. In this study, it was studied on the removal of malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions by using date palm fronds (DPF), which are agricultural wastes, date biochar (DPC) obtained by pyrolysis and phosphated date biochar with the help of microwave pyrolysis (DPMW) as three different adsorbents. Characterisation of adsorbents was made by FTIR/ATR, SEM, TGA. According to the results of TGA, it was observed that thermal strengths decreased after adsorption. Adsorption studies were carried out at 25 degrees C in isothermal environment at the pH of the natural dye solution. Adsorption data of date palm, biochar and phosphated biochar were evaluated according to Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R), Flory-Huggings (F-H) and Fowler-Frumkin-Guggenheim (FFG) isotherm models. Maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) according to Langmuir isotherm were found as 334 mg/g, 125 mg/g and 32 mg/g for date palm, biochar and phosphated biochar, respectively. The heat of adsorption calculated using the Temkin and Fowler - Frumkin-Guggenheim (FFG) isotherms is exothermic for date palm and biochar, while it is endothermic for phosphated biochar. It was observed that the adsorption mechanism energy E calculated in D-R and the B values calculated in Temkin were compatible and the adsorption was physical. According to these results, the most effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green from aqueous solutions is biochar, which is the pyrolysis product, while phosphated biochar is not very suitable.Öğe Dynamic response, durability, and carbon footprint analysis of the marl clay treated with sodium lignosulfonate as a sustainable-environmentally friendly approach(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Vakili, Amir Hossein; Keskin, Inan; Salimi, Mahdi; Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Onur, Mehmet Inanc; Abdullah, Abdulhadi Imhmed Abdulsalam; Awam, Awass Hamad MohamedIn the current study, the marl clay was improved by different contents of sodium lignosulfonate (NLS) and cured at different times and then, all samples were subjected to Bender Element (BE), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), and Brazilian Tensile Strength (BTS) tests considering two different dry condition (DC) and wet condition (WC). The durability of the samples was further controlled by a special technique, namely the soaking test. The carbon footprint analysis was undertaken for a low-volume trench project to address the sustainability benefits associated with replacing cement and lime as traditional stabilizers with NLS. The results show that the reuse of NLS as a non-traditional alternative for stabilizing marl soil can play an influential role in improving dynamic parameters as well as sustainable development. It has been observed that the CO2 emission decreases up to 5.6 and 4.4 times compared to lime and cement, respectively. Additionally, the use of NLS enhances the UCS by 249%, BTS by 208%, and small strain shear modulus by 117%. Furthermore, reducing the adverse effects of the WC on soil properties, among others, was the main finding of utilizing the NLS in marl stabilization with curing time. NLS-treated marl samples were able to preserve the integrity of their particles even after being soaked in water for a period of 3 weeks. In contrast, the particles of the untreated sample started to disintegrate within a few seconds of initiating the soaking test. Finally, possible equations correlating the dynamic and static moduli were reported in this study.Öğe Effect of Microwave-Assisted Impregnation on the Leaching Resistance of ACQ in Refractory Spruce Wood(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2024) Vaydogan, Kubra Gunduz; Kol, Hamiyet SahinMicrowave (MW) treatment is an environmentally friendly and time -saving technique with great potential for generating wood -impregnation innovations. In this study, a microwave -assisted impregnation (MWAI) approach was developed to achieve adequate retention and fixing of alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) in refractory spruce wood. The synergistic effect of MW pre- and post -treatments in the impregnation procedure on wood's compressive strength (CS) and copper leaching resistance and valence conversion was investigated. In conclusion, highintensity MW pre-treatment and low -intensity MW post -treatment provided optimum results for the fixation of copper. Based on the results of the copper conversion assays, the same MWAI procedure is also predicted to give high biological efficiency.Öğe Effect of Some Chemicals on Thermal Conductivity of Impregnated Laminated Veneer Lumbers Bonded with Poly(vinyl acetate) and Melamine-Formaldehyde Adhesives(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2009) Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Altun, SuatThermal conductivity is a very important parameter in determining heat transfer rate and is required for the development of drying models and for the industrial operations such as adhesive cure rate. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of impregnation on the thermal conductivity of six-layered laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made of beech and pine. Boric acid, zinc chloride, and ammonium sulfate were used as impregnation chemicals and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and melamine-formaldehyde (MF) adhesives as bonding agent were used to produce LVLs. The veneers were impregnated by using the vacuum-pressure method. The thermal conductivity test was performed based on ASTM C 1113-99 hot-wire method. Results showed that the impregnation chemicals increase the thermal conductivity. As impregnation chemicals the highest values were obtained with boric acid and zinc chloride. In addition, the thermal conductivity of LVL made of beech was higher than that of LVL made of pine. The thermal conductivity of LVL bonded with PVAc was absolutely higher than LVL bonded with MF in both wood species.Öğe The effects of increasing preservative uptake by microwave pre-treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Oriental spruce wood(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Cayir, BarisIn the microwave (MW) pre-treatment process, a constant MW energy intensity of 2158 MJ/m(3) was applied by using 925 W (3700 sec.), 1295 W (2640 sec.) and 1850 W (1850 sec.) powers. Tanalith-E preservative material was used to determine the increase in impregnability of MW pre-treated wood. The mechanical properties of the treated wood specimens were tested to determine the degradation caused by exposure to the MW radiation. Additionally, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the changes in wood microstructure with the effect of microwave pre-treatment. According to the impregnations, the average preservative material retention rates increased 62% for the specimens with MW groups, compared to the reference specimens. The mechanical properties of the MW pre-treated specimens decreased by (average) 5% in compression strength, 12% in the bending strength and 16% in the modulus of elasticity. SEM observations of the reference specimens showed that there were many aspirated bordered pits before MW pre-treatment. After the MW pre-treatment, parts of the pit membranes were damaged. The torus ruptured and cracked, while the structure of the micro-fibrils on the margo remained intact. In the observations of the intercellular microstructure of wood, it was observed that micro cracks with a width of 1-10 mu m were formed.Öğe Effects of Manufacturing Conditions on the Properties of Boric Acid/Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Microcapsules Prepared By in situ Polymerization: Its Inhibition Behavior on Wood Destroying Fungi(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2022) Keskin, Sema Aysal; Kol, Hamiyet SahinWater-soluble boric acid (BA) was microencapsulated by in situ polymerization with a melamine-urea formaldehyde shell. The effects of core-shell ratio, time, and temperature on the microcapsule characteristics were investigated. The microencapsulated BA was tested for its effectiveness against wood-destroying fungi. The results showed that the core:shell ratio affected the individuality of the microcapsules (MCs), and the most individual microcapsules were those with the 1:1 core:shell ratio. The microencapsulation temperature at the 1:1 core:shell ratio affected the surface porosity and size spectrum of MCs. The surface was porous, and the size spectrum was narrow at 50 degrees C. The microencapsulation reaction time at the 1:1 core-shell ratio did not have a considerable effect on the MC size. Although the MC size spectrum varied in the studied parameters (core: shell ratio, temperature, time), the average MC sizes were large enough to pass through the bordered pits of the softwood cell wall. Slow boron release was obtained by optimizing the MC preparation parameters. The optimum microencapsulation parameters for slow release of BA were the 1:1 core:shell ratio, 50 degrees C, and time of 120 min. The capsules produced at optimum microencapsulation parameters were biologically active against the fungus Coniophora puteana and leaching resistance was improved.Öğe EFFECTS OF SOME IMPREGNATION CHEMICALS ON COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER (LVL) PRODUCED WITH OAK AND POPLAR VENEERS(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2010) Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Ozbay, Gunay; Kose, Lutfu; Kurt, SerefThe objective of this research was to investigate the effects of impregnation chemicals on the combustion properties of 3-ply laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made of Oak (Quercus petraea subsp. Iberica) and Poplar (Populus tremula L.). For this purpose, oak wood was used as the outer ply and poplar used for the core ply in LVL. Borax (BX), boric acid (BA), borax+boric acid (BX+BA), and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) were used as impregnation chemicals, and urea formaldehyde (UF), phenol formaldehyde (PF), and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives as bonding agent were used to produce LVLs. The vacuum pressure method was used for the impregnation process. The combustion test was performed according to the procedure defined in the ASTM-E 69 standards, and during the test the mass reduction, temperature, and released gas (CO, O-2) were determined for each 30 seconds. As a result, di-ammonium phosphate was found to be the most successful fire retardant chemical in LVL with MUF adhesive. LVL produced from a combination of oak and poplar veneers with MUF adhesive and impregnated with DAP can be recommended to be used as a fire resistant building material where required.Öğe The facile production of Fe2O3-biochar electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Mert, Mehmet Erman; Hani, Yahia Bani; Akalin, Mehmet Kuddusi; Sismanoglu, Sedef; Aksaray, Goncaguel; Mert, Basak Dogru; Kol, Hamiyet SahinIn this study, the facile-green method was applied for the production of electroactive composite anode material. For this purpose, biochar was produced via pyrolysis of Pinus nigra (PN) sawdust in a stainless-steel reactor at 300, 400 and 500 degrees C with 10 degrees C/min heating rate. The Fe2O3 particles were fabricated via the green synthesis method. The Fe2O3-biochar electrocatalyst was operated on Ni foam electrode and the potential application as an anode for methanol fuel cell was investigated in an alkaline medium. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR/ATR) were used to characterize the morphology of the electrocatalyst samples. The electrochemical measurements of electrocatalyst samples were achieved via cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometry (CA). The enlarged surface area of biochar enabled the formation of more electroactive sites for methanol electrooxidation and favorable structures of biochar could support to increased electrocatalytic activity of catalysts for methanol oxidation and produce favorable matrices for Fe2O3 loading. The obtained results demonstrate that the electrooxidation of methanol occurred at 0.36 V. The favorable structures of biochar acted as a support, enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of Fe2O3 for methanol oxidation. The electrocatalyst demonstrated remarkable activity with almost 4 A g-1 current density at 0.55 V. The Rct values were 0.73 omega and 0.45 omega at 0.55 V, for Ni foam and Ni foam/Fe2O3-biochar, respectively. Long-term measurements demonstrated that the Ni foam/Fe2O3-biochar catalysts was remarkably stable, with a 4 % difference in current before and after the CA analysis.Öğe Increasing the Impregnability of Oriental Spruce Wood via Microwave Pretreatment(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2021) Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Cayir, BarisMicrowave (MW) pretreatment was used to increase the impregnability of Oriental spruce sapwood (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.). Wood samples with moisture contents of 55% and 83% were subjected to different MW energy treatments (1156 MJ/m3 and 1542 MJ/m3). Additionally, the mechanical properties of the treated wood samples were tested to determine the degradation caused by exposure to the MW radiation. According to the test results, the average preservative material retention rates increased by 47.5% and 70% for the samples with initial moisture contents of 55% and 83%, respectively, compared to the reference samples. The mechanical properties of the MW pretreated wood samples decreased within the range of 1.7% to 2.9% in the case of the compression strength; changed within the range of (+)1.9% to (-)6.1% in case of the bending strength; and changed within the range of (+)0.9% to (-)6.2% in case of the modulus of elasticity (MOE). The application of MW energy at different power settings on the samples with similar moisture leveis was determined to have no impact on the mechanical properties of treated wood. Superscript/Subscript AvailableÖğe Laminated veneer lumber from Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia Lipsky)(Academic Journals, 2009) Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Keskin, Hakan; Korkut, Sueleyman; Akbulut, TurgayThis study was designed to determine some physical and mechanical properties and surface roughness of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made from Sorbus aucuparia Lipsky wood which has no detailed research in the literature. The sample trees were taken from the Kure district in Kastamonu, Turkey. The 12 ply LVLs manufactured from 1.6 mm thick rotary peeled veneers and bonded with urea formaldehyde adhesive. Conventional methods followed and the test procedures were performed on small clean specimens. Also, this study involves the comparison of the mechanical properties of LVL made from S. aucuparia Lipsky wood to those of conventional LVLs. It was found that air-dry density, thickness swelling, thermal conductivity, MOR and MOE, compression strength, surface hardness, shear strength and surface roughness (Ra) were 0.737 g/cm(3), 3.63%, 0.2259 W/m-K, 80.6 N/mm(2), 6985.6 N/mm(2), 58.36 N/mm(2), 29.15 N/mm(2), 5.28 N/mm(2) and 5.13 mu m respectively. When S. aucuparia L. wood is used to produce LVL for use in the furniture industry, the resulting physical and mechanical property values are sufficient to produce an acceptable product. Also, it appears to be a suitable alternative to currently used alnus spp. and fagus spp. according to usage area.Öğe Predicting Wood Strength using Dielectric Parameters(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2015) Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Yalcin, IlkerThere are various methods for nondestructive imaging of the internal structure of wood. A microwave nondestructive method based on the dielectric properties of a medium is an area of great interest for predicting wood strength in the worldwide wood industry, but the reliable prediction of strength in wood still has not been solved in a satisfying manner. Hence, answering the question of how dielectric properties of the wood are related to strength may improve the efficiency of models for predicting structural performance of wood by microwaves. Relationships were evaluated in this work between dielectric parameters (dielectric constant, loss factor, and loss tangent) and the strength properties of wood. Samples were prepared from fir and oak wood. Dielectric measurement was performed at a frequency of 9.8 GHz using Von Hippel's Transmission Line Method. Wood density and some mechanical properties were then determined according to related ISO standards. The results showed that there were good relationships between the dielectric parameters and the MOR, MOE, IBS, and CS, especially for oak wood. The dielectric parameters were promising to predict wood strength with a high accuracy for oak but not fir, and the dielectric constant had a higher precision degree than the loss tangent and loss factor.Öğe SHEAR STRENGTH OF HEAT-TREATED TALI (ERYTHROPHLEUM IVORENSE) AND IROKO (CHLOROPHORA EXCELSA) WOODS, BONDED WITH VARIOUS ADHESIVES(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2009) Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Ozbay, Gunay; Altun, SuatThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the shear strength of tali (Erythrophleum ivorense) and iroko (Chlorophora excelsa) woods, bonded with some structural adhesives. Shear strength of untreated and heat-treated woods bonded with phenol-formaldehyde (PF), melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF), melamine-formaldehyde (MF), and polyurethane (PUR) adhesives was studied. An industrial heat treatment method (ThermoWood) was used. The timbers were thermally modified for 2 hours at 180 degrees C. Laminated samples having two sample sets were prepared from untreated and heat-treated wood for the shear strength test. The results of the tests showed that the heat treatment affected shear strength of laminated wood negatively. Although there was a considerable difference in adhesive bond shear strength between untreated and treated wood, both wood species bonded with the adhesives fulfilled the required value for shear strength of the adhesive bonds. PF, MUF, MF, and PUR adhesives performed in a rather similar way for both wood species.Öğe Some technological properties and uses of paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa Steud.) wood(Triveni Enterprises, 2010) Akyildiz, M. Hakan; Kol, Hamiyet SahinThe aim of this study is to determine some physical and mechanical properties of Paulownia tomentosa wood grown in Turkey The samples trees harvested from Kargi in Corum. Physical properties including air-dry density oven-dry density basic density swelling, shrinkage and oven-dry and air-dry thermal conductivity coefficients; mechanical properties including bending strength. modulus of elasticity in bending, compression strength parallel to grain, hardness, bonding strength were analyzed. Paulownia tomentosa wood's air dry and oven dry densities were determined as 0.317 and 0.294 g cm(-3); basic density was determined as 0.272 g cm(-3); volumetric shrinkage and swelling were determined as 7.78 and 8.41%; tangential, radial and longitudinal air-dry thermal conductivity coefficients were determined as 0.089, 0.090 and 0.133 kcal/mh degrees C, respectively Fiber saturation point (FSP) was found 28.79%, bending strength, Modulus of elasticity in bending, compression strength parallel to grain and Brinell hardness values (parallel and perpendicular to grain) were determined as 43.56 N mm(-2), 4281.32 N mm(-2), 25.55 N mm(-2), 2.01 kgf min(-2) and 0.88 kgf mm(-2), respectively Consequently paulownia wood can be widely used for various purposes such as house construction, furniture making, pulp and paper and handicrafts.Öğe THERMAL AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF PINE WOOD IN THE TRANSVERSE DIRECTION(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2009) Kol, Hamiyet SahinIn this paper, the thermal conductivity and dielectric parameters for pine [Pinus sylvestris (L.)] woods were determined in transverse directions for moisture conditions from oven-dry to 22 percent at a room temperature of 22 to 24 degrees C. Results indicate that the behaviors of thermal conductivity and dielectric parameters with moisture content and structural directions were similar. In general, the properties increased within the range studied with increasing moisture content. The radial values were similar to tangential values for both thermal conductivity and dielectric properties. The data presented here should be useful in most design problems where pine wood is subjected to microwave electric fields and heat changes.Öğe The Thermal Conductivity of Fir and Beech Wood Heat Treated at 170, 180, 190, 200, and 212°C(Wiley, 2011) Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Sefil, YusufHeat treatment changes the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of wood. The properties of heat-treated wood have been researched considerably, but the thermal conductivity of heat-treated wood in various conditions has not been reported. In this study, the thermal conductivity of heat-treated fir and beech wood at temperatures 170, 180, 190, and 212 degrees C for 2 h with ThermoWood method were investigated. The results were compared with industrially kiln-dried reference samples. The results show that heat treatment caused an important reduction on thermal conductivity of wood, the extend of which is depend upon temperature and wood species. Considering all heat treating temperatures, generally by increasing heat treatment temperature the thermal conductivity of wood decreased. The effect of heat treating temperature on thermal conductivity was identical for fir and beech wood. The highest decrease in thermal conductivity occurred at 212 degrees C for both wood species. When compared with untreated wood, the decreases in thermal conductivity at 170 degrees C, and 212 degrees C for fir and beech wood were 2%, 9 and 2%, 16% respectively. Depending on heat treatment temperature, the decrease found out beech in high temperature is higher than that of fir. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 2473-2480, 2011Öğe THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF OAK IMPREGNATED WITH SOME CHEMICALS AND FINISHED(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2010) Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Uysal, Burhanettin; Kurt, Seref; Ozcan, CemalThe objective of this research was to investigate the effects of some impregnation materials and varnishes on the thermal conductivity of oak wood. Ammonium sulfate, borax, boric acid, zinc chloride, diammonium phosphate, and sodium silicate as impregnation chemicals and polyurethane, cellulosic, synthetic, coloured varnishes and cellulosic, synthetic, industrial paints as finishes were used. The wood materials were impregnated by using the vacuum-pressure method. The thermal conductivity test was performed based on the ASTM C 1113-99 hot-wire method. Results showed that the impregnation chemicals increased the thermal conductivity. The highest values were obtained with boric acid and sodium silicate. In addition, the thermal conductivity of painted oak was higher than that of varnished oak. The lowest thermal conductivity of 0.1465 Kcal/mh degrees C was obtained with the oak control. The highest thermal conductivity of 0.1756 Kcal/mh degrees C was obtained when oak was painted with industrial paint and impregnated with boric acid.Öğe Thermal Conductivity Temperature Dependence of Heat-treated Wood at Different Moisture Content Levels(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2023) Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Vaydogan, Kubra GunduzEffects of temperature dependence and relative humidity were studied relative to the thermal conductivity of heat-treated pine and heat-treated beech, which are frequently used for building construction. Pine and beech wood were exposed to heat treatment at 180, 200, and 220 degrees C in nitrogen gas for 2 h. As a result, the thermal conductivity values of the heat-treated wood decreased as the temperature of the heat treatment process increased and relative humidity increased. However, thermal conductivity of wood became more stable after heat treatment under relative humidity changes. The thermal conductivity values increased with rising mean plate temperatures, while the temperature dependence of the heat-treated wood was not affected by the relative humidity changes. Consequently, heat-treated wood, with variable humidity without excessive heat changes, can be preferred for the construction of buildings.
