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Öğe Dimensional Stability of Uludag Fir Wood Treated with Liquid Nitrogen after the Steam Test(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2012) Kurt, Seref; Ozcan, Suleyman; Yapici, Fatih; Likos, ErkanIn this study, the effect of liquid nitrogen on dimensional stability of Uludag fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf) wood after exposing to the steam test was determined. Test samples were treated with liquid nitrogen (LN) for 1, 4 and 10 hours. Subsequently both samples treated with liquid nitrogen and control samples were conditioned to 12 % MC. Dimensional stability of Uludag fir wood was measured after exposing to steam for 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours according to the procedure of TS EN 317. Consequently, different values of dimensional stability of specimens treated with liquid nitrogen were observed.Öğe THE EFFECT OF EDGE BANDING THICKNESS OF SOME TREES ON WITHDRAWAL STRENGTH OF BEECH DOWEL PINS IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL(Slovak Forest Products Research Inst, 2011) Yapici, Fatih; Likos, Erkan; Esen, RasitComposite materials and wooden dowels are being used increasingly in the construction of furniture frames and inner decoration. Yet there is little information available concerning the withdrawal strength of various fasteners, and, in particular, dowels in composite materials edged solid wood edge bandings. The aim of this study was to determine the withdrawal strengths of 6, 8, 10 mm diameter dowels produced from beech with respect to edge of a medium-density fiberboard (MDF) or particleboard (PB) edged with 5, 10 and 15 mm thickness of solid wood edge banding of scotch pine, oriental beech and lime tree, bonded with hot-melt, poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and Desmodur-VTKA (D-VTKA), a polyurethane based one-component adhesive. The effects of edge banding thickness, dimension of dowels, type of composite materials and type of adhesives used for edge banding on the withdrawal strength were determined. The highest (6.68 N.mm(-2)) withdrawal strength was obtained in beech dowels with 8 mm diameter for MDF with 5 mm thickness of solid wood edge banding of bonded beech with D-VTKA adhesive.Öğe The Effect of Liquid Nitrogen on Retention in Uludag Fir Wood Treated with Boric Acid and Borax(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2012) Kurt, Seref; Ozcan, Cemal; Likos, Erkan; Korkmaz, MustafaIn this study, the effect of liquid nitrogen on retention of Uludag Fir wood after exposure to boric acid and borax was determined. Before treating with liquid nitrogen, specimens were conditioned to 4 different moisture contents (oven dry, 12%, 28%, and green). Liquid nitrogen treated specimens for 1 hour, 4 hours and 10 hours. Then, all specimens were conditioned to 12% moisture content (MC). Test specimens were exposed to chemicals such as borax and boric acid for three times: short (2 min), normal (1 hour) and long (1 week). Dipping method was used for the impregnation process. For control, specimens were treated with borax and boric acid without treating with liquid nitrogen. Consequently, there is a linear relationship between moisture content and retention. Since moisture content increases the amount of retention increases as well.Öğe EFFECT OF TENON GEOMETRY, GRAIN ORIENTATION, AND SHOULDER ON BENDING MOMENT CAPACITY AND MOMENT ROTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF MORTISE AND TENON JOINTS(Soc Wood Sci Technol, 2012) Likos, Erkan; Haviarova, Eva; Eckelman, Carl A.; Erdil, Yusuf Ziya; Ozcifci, AyhanBending moment capacity and moment rotation characteristics of mortise and tenon joints as a function of tenon geometry, grain orientation, length, and shoulder fit were examined. Bending moment capacity of all joints in which tenons were fully inserted in mortises was 54% greater than for joints in which tenons were not fully inserted. Joints with 25.4-mm-long diamond-shaped tenons had greater moment capacity than either rectangular or round tenon joints, whereas joints with 38- or 51-mm-long rectangular tenons had greater capacities than joints with diamond or round tenons. Similarly, for joints in which tenons were not fully inserted, rectangular tenons had the greatest moment capacity regardless of grain orientation or length.Öğe The Effects of Exposure to Sea Water Steam on Thermal Conductivity of Varnished Fir Wood(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2012) Esen, Rasit; Ozcan, Cemal; Likos, Erkan; Ozkan, Osman EmreIn this study, the thermal conductivity of varnished fir wood exposed to sea water steam was investigated. For this purpose, test samples were coated by using varnishing goldspar (polyurethane varnish), original (synthetic varnish), perfection (polyurethane varnish), and schooner varnishes (synthetic varnish). After applying furnished process, samples were exposed to sea water steam during 6, 24, 60, and 96 hours. It was found that the vapour application has decreased the chemical and physical structure of test material. The thermal conductivity test was performed based on the ASTM C 1113-99 hot-wire method.Öğe The Effects of Fire Retardants Paint on Combustion Properties of Fir Wood(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2012) Ozcan, Cemal; Esen, Rasit; Likos, Erkan; Kurt, Seref; Yapici, FatihThe effects of fire retardants paint on combustion properties of fir (Abies bornmulleriana M.) were examined. For this purpose, fire retardants paint were applied on the surface of test sample according to company's suggestions. The combustion test was performed according to the ASTM-E 69 standard. The mass reduction, release of gasses (CO, NO, O-2), and temperature differences of samples were determined for each 30 seconds during combustion. It was observed that the highest mass reduction occurred in fir wood with fire retardant paint.Öğe The Effects of Humidity on Thermal Conductivity of Fir Wood(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2012) Esen, Rasit; Likos, Erkan; Ozcan, Cemal; Korkmaz, Mustafa; Kilinc, IzhamIn this study it was aimed to describe the effects of different humidity on thermal conductivity of Uludag Fir (Abies bornmulleriana M.). The lowest thermal conductivity of 0.0910 Kcal/mh degrees C was obtained from oven-dry samples. The highest thermal conductivity of 0.1904 Kcal/mh degrees C was obtained in completely wet samples. Consequently, oven-dry wood samples could be used as insulation material.Öğe The Effects of Using Different Adhesive on the Thickness Swelling Ratio of LVL Produced from Scotch Pine(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2022) Esen, Rasit; Likos, Erkan; Zengin, GozdeMost wood properties are affected by changes in moisture content below the wood fiber saturation point. In this study, the thickness swelling ratios of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) produced from Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) bonded by using polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polymeric diphenyl methane diisocyanate (pMDI), and a mixture of them were evaluated. Thickness swelling of the samples was calculated after different waiting times under water. While the lowest thickness swelling ratio (1.65%) was determined from bonding with PVAc 92%-pMDI 8%, for 2 hours, the highest thickness swelling ratio (6.35%) was observed from bonding with PVAc 98%-pMDI 2% adhesive for 96 hours. As a result, adding pMDI to the PVAc adhesive reduced the rate of swelling of the test specimens. For this reason, the material can be used potentially in wet or humid places.Öğe Prediction of Withdrawal Strength of Nail of Uludag Fir Wood by Using Artificial Neural Network (ANNs)(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2012) Yapici, Fatih; Esen, Rasit; Kurt, Seref; Likos, Erkan; Erkaymaz, OkanIn this study, the effects of type of nails material and grain angle of wood on the withdrawal strength of nail have been researched. For this purpose specimens were firstly cut in different sections from Uludag Fir (Abies bornmulleriana M.) wood. The tests of static nail strength were carried out according to the standards of TS EN 13446. Secondly, an artificial neural network system was built by using data obtained in an experimental study for the prediction of withdrawal nail strength. The comparison between the experimental data and predicted data was also carried out.Öğe TECHNICAL NOTE: STATIC VERSUS CYCLIC LOAD CAPACITY OF SIDE CHAIRS CONSTRUCTED WITH MORTISE AND TENON JOINTS(Soc Wood Sci Technol, 2013) Likos, Erkan; Haviarova, Eva; Eckelman, Carl A.; Erdil, Yusuf Ziya; Ozcifci, AyhanThe effect of cross-sectional tenon geometry on static and cyclic load capacity of side chairs constructed with round-, rectangular-, and diamond-shaped mortise and tenon joints was investigated. Cyclic load capacity averaged about two-thirds of static load capacity for the joint configurations tested. For the configurations included in the test, chairs with mortise and tenon joints constructed with round-, rectangular-, and diamond-shaped tenons had static load to cyclic passing load ratios of 56.5, 66.8, and 69.2% for rectangular-, round-, and diamond-shaped tenons, respectively. These results indicate that useful relationships existed between static and cyclic performance of round mortise and tenon joints, which may simplify the design process for chairs that must pass cyclic performance tests.Öğe Zıvanalı birleştirmelerde kesit formunun sandalye mukavemetine etkisi(Karabük Üniversitesi, 2013) Likos, Erkan; Özçifçi, Ayhan; Erdil, Yusuf ZiyaBu çalışmada, sandalye köşe birleştirmelerinde uygulanan farklı zıvana kesit formlarının sandalye mukavemetine etkisi incelenerek elde edilen sonuçlar yapısal analiz programıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, kesit formu etkisinin belirlenmesi için uygulamada loblolly (Pinus teada) çamı kullanılarak 3 kuvvet uygulama yönü (0°, 90° ve 45°), 3 farklı kesit geometrisi (dikdörtgen, daire ve köşegen olarak) ve 10 yineleme olarak toplamda 90 adet deney örneği ile eğilme direnci deneyleri; 3 farklı kesit geometrisi (dikdörtgen, daire ve köşegen olarak), 3 farklı zıvana boyu uzunluğu (25,4, 38, 51mm), 3 kuvvet uygulama yönü (0°, 90° ve 45°), alınlı ve alınsız (yatay elemanın dikey elemanın kenar yüzeyine 12,7mm mesafeli) ve 5 tekerrür olmak üzerek toplam (3x3x3x2x5) 270 adet deney örneği T şeklinde birleştirilerek eğilme moment dirençleri test edilmiştir. Ayrıca, lale ağacı-yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) ile aynı kesitli zıvanalar kullanarak 2 farklı yükleme yöntemi (ön ve yan ayaklara dikey yükleme) ve 9 tekerrür olmak üzere (3x2x9)=54 sandalye statik testler için ve 3 farklı zıvana kesit formu ve 4 tekerrür olmak üzere (3 x 4) toplam 12 adet sandalye önden arkaya devirli yükleme deneyleri için geleneksel yöntemlerle 1/1 ölçekli üretimi yapılmıştır. Sandalyeler gerçek kullanım şartlarını en rasyonel şekilde temsil eden "devirli basamaklı artan yükleme" (cyclic stepped increasing load) metodu kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, eğilme direnci (MOR) deneylerinden elde edilen sonuçlar, teorikte adlandırılan kesit form faktörü (1,18 dikdörtgen=daire ve 1,41 dikdörtgen=köşegen) kiriş elemanlı deney örnekleri üzerinde daire formunun dikdörtgen kesit formuna oranla %30 ve köşegen formu ise %45 daha dirençli bulunarak teorik hesaplamalar ile tutarlılık göstermiştir. Yapılan T-tipi köşe birleştirme deneylerinde zıvana kesit formuna bağlı olarak 3 değişik zıvana boyunda farklı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Performans deneyleri sonuçlarına göre, dikdörtgen kesit formlu zıvananın kullanıldığı sandalyelerin mukavemeti 1530 N, daire kesit formlu zıvanada 1570 N ve köşegen kesit formlu zıvanada ise 1690 N direnç belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, servis şartlarında dinamik yüklere maruz kalacak olan sandalyelerin köşegen zıvana formlu zıvana ile üretilmesi önerilmektedir. Son olarak, yapısal analiz programı ile elde edilen toplam moment değerleri ile sandalye performans deneylerinden elde edilen değerlerinin karşılaştırılması yapılmış ve % 92,3 yakınlık derecesinde tutarlı sonuçlar verdiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, malzemenin emniyet gerilmesi ile yapısal analiz sonuçları karşılaştırıldığında dikdörtgen kesit formu için % 90,6, daire kesit formu için %73,6 ve köşegen kesit formu için %87 yakın değerler bulunmuştur.
