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    Cryptotanshinone Protects Against Acute Pulmonary Edema
    (Istanbul University Press, 2023) Yilmaz, U.; Demir, M.
    Objective: Cryptotanshinone (CTS) is a compound with anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidative and anti-aggregant functions. We aimed to determine the effects of CTS on ?-naphtilthiourea (ANTU)-induced acute pulmonary edema. Materials and Methods: In this study, 4 groups (control, sham, ANTU and ANTU+CTS) were established from a total of 40 rats. The ANTU+CTS group received intraperitoneal CTS for seven days, and both ANTU and ANTU+CTS received an ANTU administration for the induction of peripheral effusion. Four hours after the ANTU administration, the rats were subjected to a forced swim test and were decapitated. Swimming times of rats, amount of pleural effusion (PE), lung weight (LW)/body weight (BW), and PE/BW ratios were determined. Results: At the end of the experiment, PE was not detected in the lungs of control and sham group rats. It was determined that PE, LW/ BW and PE/BW were significantly decreased, while swimming time was increased after acute pulmonary edema in the CTS group (p<0.05). Conclusion: CTS showed a protective effect against acute pulmonary edema, which indicates that it may be used as a new therapeutic agent against pulmonary toxicity. © 2023, Istanbul University Press. All rights reserved.
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    Effect of Ellagic Acid and Cryptotanshinone on Cell Viability/Cytotoxicity, Metastasis, and Oxidative Stress in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
    (Istanbul University Press, 2024) Yilmaz, U.; Seyhan, M.F.
    Objective: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the highest rate of metastases and relapses as well as the worst overall survival of all breast cancers. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of ellagic acid and cryptotanshinone, which are known to have antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticancer, and apoptotic effects, on cell viability/cytotoxicity, metastasis, and oxidative stress in MDA-MB-231 cells. Materials and Methods: The effects of various concentrations of ellagic acid and cryptotanshinone on cell viability or cytotoxicity in TNBC cells were determined by WST-1. A scratch assay was performed to determine the effects of ellagic acid and cryptotanshinone on cell migration and metastasis, and a DCF-DA test was performed to determine the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Results: MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to cryptotanshinone exhibited reduced cell proliferation by approximately 50%, particularly at 20 µg/ mL after 48 h. The cell viability decreased by 75% at 20 µg/mL after 72 h of cryptotanshinone exposure. After 48 h of exposure to ellagic acid at 40 µg/mL, the scratch in the MDA-MB-231 cells closed. In addition, treatment with cryptotanshinone at 25 µg/mL covered the scratch after 72 h. Ellagic acid (40 µg/mL) induced oxidative stress at 24 h, and cryptotanshinone (25 µg/mL) at 48 and 72 h. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity of MDA-MB-231 cells was increased by exposure to ellagic acid (40 µg/mL) and cryptotanshinone (25 µg/mL) after 24 h compared to the negative control. Conclusion: Ellagic acid and cryptotanshinone may inhibit cell proliferation, suppress cell migration, and induce the accumulation of intracellular ROS in MDA-MB-231 cells. © 2024, Istanbul University Press. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of glucagon as a neurohormone on the central nervous system and glucose homeostasis
    (Verduci Editore s.r.l, 2024) Tanbek, K.; Yilmaz, U.; Gul, S.; Koç, A.; Gul, M.; Sandal, S.
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the possible effects of the acute/ long-term infusion of glucagon in the brain as the regulatory role on the endocrine secretions of the pancreas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety male Wistar albino rats were divided as Control, artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid (aCSF) (120 min), Glucagon (120 min), pancreatic denervation (PD)+aCSF (120 min), PD+Glucagon (120 min), aCSF (7 days), Glucagon (7 days), PD+aCSF (7 days) and PD+Glucagon (7 days). Glucagon and solvent (aCSF) were administered after pancreatic denervation (PD) by Hamilton syringe and osmotic mini pump (1 µg/10 µl/min) in the third ventricle of the brain. RESULTS: Acute intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of glucagon resulted in an elevation of glucagon levels and a concurrent reduction in blood glucose levels. Furthermore, in both the PD+aCSF (7 days) and PD+Glucagon (7 days) groups, there was a notable decrease in propiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related protein (AgRP). Significant changes were observed in feed consumption and body weight, as well as pancreatic glucagon levels, with a simultaneous decrease in insulin levels in the PD (7 days), Glucagon (7 days), and PD+Glucagon (7 days) groups. These alterations were statistically significant when compared to the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The research outcomes established that pancreas-secreted glucagon functions as a neurohormone within the brain, activating central pathways linked to blood glucose regulation. The presence of glucagon led to a decrease in POMC levels. Surprisingly, this reduction in POMC resulted in the suppression of AgRP. Contrary to expectations, the suppression of AgRP led to an increase in food intake rather than a decrease. As already highlighted in the results section, it was emphasized that POMC may play a more significant role than AgRP in influencing feeding behavior. © 2024 Verduci Editore s.r.l. All rights reserved.