Doğal hukuk ve pozitif hukuk ışığında insanın özgürlüğünün ahlaki kritiği
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Karabük Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Özgürlük, bireyin herhangi bir kısıtlamaya tabii tutulmadan düşünce ve davranışlarını gerçekleştirme ve dışarıdan bir koşula bağlı olmama serbestisi olarak tanımlanmakla beraber insanın kendisini yönetebildiği bir alan oluşturması ve kendini belirlemesi dâhilinde özerk olması durumudur. Bu çalışma dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, ahlak ve mutluluk ahlakı, ödev ahlakı gibi ahlak çeşitleri incelenmiş; hukuk kuralları ve ahlak kuralları arasındaki ilişki ortaya konulmuştur. İkinci bölümde, doğal hukuk alanında kuramsal çerçeve oluşturularak doğal hukukun tarihçesi İlk Çağ, Orta Çağ ve Yeni Çağ temelinde incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, pozitif hukuk kavramlarından hak, yasa, adalet, denkleştirici adalet, dağıtıcı adalet, hakkaniyet, sosyal adalet ve eşitlik kavramları ayrıca pozitif hukukun yazılı ve yazısız kaynakları incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda doğal hukuk ve pozitif hukuk ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde ise doğal hukuk mütefekkirleri olarak bilinen Thomas Hobbes, John Locke ve Jean Jacques Rousseau' nun özgürlük görüşleri ortaya konulmuş ve bu düşünürlerin görüşlerinin pozitif hukuktaki yerine değinilmiştir. Doğal hukuk temelli ortaya konulan özgürlük, söz konusu olan düşünürlerin görüşleri dâhilinde insana doğuştan verilen doğal haklardan bir tanesi olarak görülmüş ve özgürlüğün temini doğal hukuk noktasında, "toplum sözleşmesi" ile pozitif hukuk noktasında ise Uluslararası Sözleşmeler ve Anayasa dâhilinde sağlandığı belirtilmiştir. İnsan davranışlarının ahlaki bir kritiğinin yapılmasının önkoşulu olan özgürlük problemi, mahiyeti itibariyle doğal hukukun, kapsamı itibariyle ise pozitif hukukun konusu olmuş ve bu bağlamda özgürlük kavramı, ahlaki yaptırımlarının ilk siferini doğal hukukun aracılığıyla oluşturmuştur.
Although freedom is defined as the freedom of the individual to realize his thoughts and behaviors withot being subject to any restrictions and not to be dependent on an external condition, it is the state of being autonomous within the scope of self-determination and creating an area in which a person can manage himself. This study consists of four parts. In the first chapter, types of morality such as morality and happiness morality, duty morality are examined; The relationship between legal rules and moral rules has been revealed. In the second part, the history of natural law is examined on the basis of Antiquity, Middle Ages and New Ages by creating a theoretical framework in the field of natural law. In the third chapter, the concepts of right, law, justice, compensatory justice, distributive justice, equity, social justice and equality, as well as written and unwritten sources of positive law, are examined. In this context, the relationship between natural law and positive law is discussed. In the fourth chapter, the freedom views of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau, who are known as natural law thinkers, are presented and the place of these thinkers' views in positive law is mentioned. Freedom, which is based on natural law, has been seen as one of the natural rights given to human beings within the opinions of the thinkers in question, and it has been stated that the provision of freedom is provided within the scope of natural law, "social contract" and positive law, within the scope of International Conventions and the Constitution. The problem of freedom, which is the prerequisite for making a moral critique of human behavior, has become the subject of natural law in nature and positive law in terms of its scope, and in this context, the concept of freedom has formed the first level of moral sanctions through natural law.
Although freedom is defined as the freedom of the individual to realize his thoughts and behaviors withot being subject to any restrictions and not to be dependent on an external condition, it is the state of being autonomous within the scope of self-determination and creating an area in which a person can manage himself. This study consists of four parts. In the first chapter, types of morality such as morality and happiness morality, duty morality are examined; The relationship between legal rules and moral rules has been revealed. In the second part, the history of natural law is examined on the basis of Antiquity, Middle Ages and New Ages by creating a theoretical framework in the field of natural law. In the third chapter, the concepts of right, law, justice, compensatory justice, distributive justice, equity, social justice and equality, as well as written and unwritten sources of positive law, are examined. In this context, the relationship between natural law and positive law is discussed. In the fourth chapter, the freedom views of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau, who are known as natural law thinkers, are presented and the place of these thinkers' views in positive law is mentioned. Freedom, which is based on natural law, has been seen as one of the natural rights given to human beings within the opinions of the thinkers in question, and it has been stated that the provision of freedom is provided within the scope of natural law, "social contract" and positive law, within the scope of International Conventions and the Constitution. The problem of freedom, which is the prerequisite for making a moral critique of human behavior, has become the subject of natural law in nature and positive law in terms of its scope, and in this context, the concept of freedom has formed the first level of moral sanctions through natural law.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Etik Değerler Ana Bilim Dalı (Disiplinlerarası)
Anahtar Kelimeler
Felsefe, Philosophy ; Hukuk
