Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras Kapsamında Safranbolu’da Ocak Kültürü
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2022-07-21
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Tıbbın gelişmediği dönemlerde, insanların kendi özel yetenekleri ile hastalıkları tedavi etme yöntemi, halk hekimligi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Halk, her ihtiyaç duyduğunda tedavi için bu mevcut yöntemlere başvurmuştur. Bireylerin hastalık karşısında takındıkları tutum ve tavırlar birer kültür göstergesidir. Kültürün geçmişe dönük olan yüzü nesiller aracılığıyla ne kadar değişime ve etkileşime uğramış olsa da devamlılığını sağlamaktadır. Geleneksel halk hekimliği de yaşadığı kültürün bir parçası olarak gelişme göstermiştir. Türk geleneksel halk hekimliğinin en önemli simgelerinden biri de ocaklardır. Hemen tüm Türk toplumlarında kutsallığına ve sağaltıcı gücüne inanılan ocaklar, tarihin her döneminde bir tedavi merkezi olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür. Bu kapsamda Anadolu coğrafyası, ocaklar açısından son derece zengin kültürel birikime sahiptir. Anadolu’da ocak kültürünün etkin olduğu kentlerden biri de Safranbolu’dur. Safranbolu evreninde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada; geleneksel tıp yöntemleri (halk hekimliği uygulamaları) olarak nitelendirilen, önceleri empirik verilerle desteklenmeyen ama yaygın olarak varlığına inanılan tedavi yöntem ve uygulamalarından ocakların neler olduğu, ocak kültürü ile ocaklardaki yöntem ve uygulamaların toplumsal yansımalarının somut olmayan kültürel miras kapsamında ele alınarak bilimsel olarak gösterilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde kültür, kültürel miras ve kültürel mirasın korunması kavramları ele alınmış, ilgili literatürler (kitaplar, tezler, makaleler ve bildiriler) belirtilmiş ve halk hekimliği kapsamında ocak kültürüne değinilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde araştırma sahasını oluşturan Safranbolu’nun tarihi coğrafyası hakkında bilgiler sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümünde ise Safranbolu’da uygulanan geleneksel tıp uygulamaları kapsamında ocak kültürü ayrıntılı şekilde ele alınmıştır. Sonuç ve öneriler kısmında ise mülâkat yöntemi ile yapılan çalışmada elde edilen empirik veriler ışığında, somut olmayan kültürel miras kapsamında ocak kültürünün Safranbolu toplumunda uygulanamaya devam ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
In the periods when medicine was not developed, the method of treating diseases with people's own special abilities is expressed as folk medicine. The public resorted to these available methods for treatment whenever they needed it. Attitudes and attitudes of individuals in the face of illness are cultural indicators. The retrospective face of culture ensures its continuity, no matter how much it has changed and interacted through generations. Traditional folk medicine has also developed as a part of the culture in which it lived. One of the most important symbols of Turkish traditional folk medicine is the hearths. Hearths, which are believed to be sacred and therapeutic in almost all Turkish societies, have continued to exist as a treatment center in every period of history. In this context, Anatolian geography has an extremely rich cultural accumulation in terms of quarries. Safranbolu is one of the cities where the hearth culture is active in Anatolia. In this study carried out in the Safranbolu universe; In this study, it is aimed to scientifically show what kind of treatment methods and practices, which are described as traditional medicine methods (folk medicine practices), but which were not supported by empirical data before, but which are widely believed to exist, and the social reflections of the hearth culture and the methods and practices in the hearths, within the scope of intangible cultural heritage. In the first part of the study, the concepts of culture, cultural heritage and protection of cultural heritage were discussed, the relevant literature (books, theses, articles and papers) was specified and the hearth culture was mentioned within the scope of folk medicine. In the second part of the study, information about the historical geography of Safranbolu, which constitutes the research area, is presented. In the third part of the study, the hearth culture is discussed in detail within the scope of traditional medicine practices applied in Safranbolu. In the conclusion and suggestions part, in the light of the empirical data obtained in the study conducted with the interview method, it was concluded that the hearth culture within the scope of intangible cultural heritage continues to be applied in Safranbolu society."
In the periods when medicine was not developed, the method of treating diseases with people's own special abilities is expressed as folk medicine. The public resorted to these available methods for treatment whenever they needed it. Attitudes and attitudes of individuals in the face of illness are cultural indicators. The retrospective face of culture ensures its continuity, no matter how much it has changed and interacted through generations. Traditional folk medicine has also developed as a part of the culture in which it lived. One of the most important symbols of Turkish traditional folk medicine is the hearths. Hearths, which are believed to be sacred and therapeutic in almost all Turkish societies, have continued to exist as a treatment center in every period of history. In this context, Anatolian geography has an extremely rich cultural accumulation in terms of quarries. Safranbolu is one of the cities where the hearth culture is active in Anatolia. In this study carried out in the Safranbolu universe; In this study, it is aimed to scientifically show what kind of treatment methods and practices, which are described as traditional medicine methods (folk medicine practices), but which were not supported by empirical data before, but which are widely believed to exist, and the social reflections of the hearth culture and the methods and practices in the hearths, within the scope of intangible cultural heritage. In the first part of the study, the concepts of culture, cultural heritage and protection of cultural heritage were discussed, the relevant literature (books, theses, articles and papers) was specified and the hearth culture was mentioned within the scope of folk medicine. In the second part of the study, information about the historical geography of Safranbolu, which constitutes the research area, is presented. In the third part of the study, the hearth culture is discussed in detail within the scope of traditional medicine practices applied in Safranbolu. In the conclusion and suggestions part, in the light of the empirical data obtained in the study conducted with the interview method, it was concluded that the hearth culture within the scope of intangible cultural heritage continues to be applied in Safranbolu society."
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kültür, Kültürel Miras, Halk Hekimliği, Ocak Kültürü, Karabük, Safranbolu, Culture, Cultural Heritage, Folk Medicine, “Ocak” Culture, Karabük, Safranbolu
