RÜZGAR BACALARININ ENERJİ PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: YAZD’DE BİR KONUT ÖRNEĞİ
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2023-02
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Orta Doğu ve Orta Asya mimari tarzı her zaman çevresel ihtiyaçlardan etkilenmiş ve tasarımlarında dikkate alınması gereken en temel unsurdur. Bu bölgelerin yerel mimarisi, yerel çevre sorunlarına birçok gerçekçi çözüm sağlayan rüzgar bacaları gibi mimari özellikleri binalarda yaygın bir şekilde kullanmıştır. Bu çalışma, bina sakinlerinin doğal havalandırma ve enerji etkin bina tasarımı stratejilerinden yararlanabilmesi için bir binada rüzgar bacalarının kullanılmasını önermektedir. Bu sistem enerji tüketimini azaltmaya ve CO2 emisyonlarını düşürmeye yardımcı olmaktadır. Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, farklı rüzgar bacası tiplerinin iç mekanlarda doğal bir havalandırma etkisi yaratma potansiyelini değerlendirmek ve en etkili tasarım ve konumlandırma seçeneklerini belirlemektir. Ayrıca, farklı rüzgar bacası tipleri arasındaki performans farklarını belirleyerek, enerji tüketimi tasarrufunda daha etkili tasarım seçeneklerinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Materyal ve metot: Kent bağlamında uygun bir konut yapısı modelini elde etmek için öncelikle Yazd kentiyle ilgili çeşitli kaynaklar incelenmiştir. Yazd şehrinde bulunan tek katlı ve bodrum katı olmayan bir binanın Design Builder programında modellemesi yapılmış ve daha sonra farklı alanlarda (birli ve ikili) farklı rüzgar bacası modelleri kullanılarak rüzgar yönüne yakın ve uzak senaryolar incelenmiştir. Bu rüzgar bacaları 3 metre yer altına kadar uzatılmıştır. Rüzgar bacalarının temel performans göstergesi, odadaki hava akışının hızı ve dışarıya atılma hızıdır, bu nedenle doğru burgu boyutunun belirlenmesi önemlidir. Bu amaçla, elde edilen senaryoların enerji simülasyonu yapılmış ve verimli olan senaryolar belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Daha geniş bir rüzgar bacası sistemi, sıcak aylarda yeterli hava akışını sağlayarak uygun hız ve hacimde hava alabilir. Bu sayede daha yüksek bir havalandırma kapasitesine ve optimum verime sahip olur. Ancak, daha küçük bir rüzgar bacası kullanan bir binada dışarıdan gelen hava miktarı yeterli olmayabilir ve bu da gerekli soğutma ve havalandırmayı sağlayamaz. Sonuç: Öncelikle, simülasyon yazılımı kullanarak küçük ve büyük boyutlarda, tek taraflı ve çift taraflı rüzgar bacası modeli olmak üzere on farklı senaryo simüle edildi ve elde edilen veriler analiz edildi. Analizler, farklı senaryoların altı aylık dönemde değerlendirildiği ve verilerin çizelgelerle görselleştirildiği bir çalışma olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Büyük boyuttaki çift taraflı rüzgar bacalarının iç mekan sıcaklığı üzerinde büyük bir etkiye sahip olduğu ve enerji tasarrufu sağladığı gözlemlenmiştir. Özellikle çapraz köşelerde yerleştirilen 2x2 rüzgar bacalarının en iyi performansı sergilediği görülmüştür. Bu senaryoda, soğutma yükü büyük bir oranda düşebilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, çift taraflı büyük boyutlarda rüzgar bacalarının tek taraflı modellere göre daha iyi bir havalandırma ve enerji tasarrufu sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, çift taraflı rüzgar bacalarının enerji tasarrufu ve iç mekan havalandırmasının iyileştirilmesi amacıyla bina projelerinde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
The Middle Eastern and Central Asian architectural style has always been influenced by environmental needs and has been the most fundamental element to be considered in their design. The local architecture of these regions provided many realistic solutions to local environmental problems such as wind traps that have become a common architectural feature in buildings. This study proposes the use of wind arresters in a two-story building so that occupants can benefit from natural ventilation, passive cooling, and heating strategies. This system can remove unwanted thermal pollution inside the building and provide thermal comfort to the residents. It also helps reduce energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and pollution. Objectives: The aim of the research is to evaluate the potential of different types of wind chimneys to create a natural ventilation effect indoors and to identify the most effective design and positioning options. In addition, it is aimed to contribute to the development of more effective design options in energy consumption savings by determining the performance differences between different types of wind chimneys. Material and method: In order to obtain a suitable housing structure model in the context of the city, various sources related to the city of Yazd were first examined. A single-story building without a basement in Yazd was modeled in the Design Builder program. Subsequently, near and far downwind scenarios were examined using different wind chimney models in different areas (single and double). These wind chimneys were extended to 3 meters underground. The key performance indicators of the wind chimneys are the speed of airflow in the room and the rate of expulsion, so it is important to determine the correct auger size. To accomplish this, energy simulation of the obtained scenarios was conducted, and efficient scenarios were determined. Findings: The system, which has a wider wind chimney, can take air at the appropriate speed and volume as it can provide positive air flow in hot months. First of all, ten different scenarios, including small and large sizes, single-sided and double-sided wind chimney models, were simulated using simulation software and the obtained data were analyzed. The analyzes were carried out as a study in which different scenarios were evaluated in a six-month period and the data were visualized with charts. It has been observed that large double-sided wind chimneys have a great effect on indoor temperature and save energy. It has been observed that 2x2 wind chimneys, especially placed at diagonal corners, exhibit the best performance. In this scenario, fuel consumption can be greatly reduced. As a result, it has been determined that double-sided large wind chimneys provide better ventilation and energy savings compared to single-sided models. These findings show that double-sided wind chimneys can be used in building projects to save energy and improve indoor ventilation."
The Middle Eastern and Central Asian architectural style has always been influenced by environmental needs and has been the most fundamental element to be considered in their design. The local architecture of these regions provided many realistic solutions to local environmental problems such as wind traps that have become a common architectural feature in buildings. This study proposes the use of wind arresters in a two-story building so that occupants can benefit from natural ventilation, passive cooling, and heating strategies. This system can remove unwanted thermal pollution inside the building and provide thermal comfort to the residents. It also helps reduce energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and pollution. Objectives: The aim of the research is to evaluate the potential of different types of wind chimneys to create a natural ventilation effect indoors and to identify the most effective design and positioning options. In addition, it is aimed to contribute to the development of more effective design options in energy consumption savings by determining the performance differences between different types of wind chimneys. Material and method: In order to obtain a suitable housing structure model in the context of the city, various sources related to the city of Yazd were first examined. A single-story building without a basement in Yazd was modeled in the Design Builder program. Subsequently, near and far downwind scenarios were examined using different wind chimney models in different areas (single and double). These wind chimneys were extended to 3 meters underground. The key performance indicators of the wind chimneys are the speed of airflow in the room and the rate of expulsion, so it is important to determine the correct auger size. To accomplish this, energy simulation of the obtained scenarios was conducted, and efficient scenarios were determined. Findings: The system, which has a wider wind chimney, can take air at the appropriate speed and volume as it can provide positive air flow in hot months. First of all, ten different scenarios, including small and large sizes, single-sided and double-sided wind chimney models, were simulated using simulation software and the obtained data were analyzed. The analyzes were carried out as a study in which different scenarios were evaluated in a six-month period and the data were visualized with charts. It has been observed that large double-sided wind chimneys have a great effect on indoor temperature and save energy. It has been observed that 2x2 wind chimneys, especially placed at diagonal corners, exhibit the best performance. In this scenario, fuel consumption can be greatly reduced. As a result, it has been determined that double-sided large wind chimneys provide better ventilation and energy savings compared to single-sided models. These findings show that double-sided wind chimneys can be used in building projects to save energy and improve indoor ventilation."
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yerel mimari, Rüzgar bacası, Enerji verimliliği, İklimlendirme, Sıcak ve kuru alan, Bilgisayar simülasyonu., Local Architecture, Windcatcher, Energy Efficiency, Air Conditioning, Hot And Dry Area, Computer Simulation.
