Ultra-wide band based indoor positioning system using lateration methods
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Karabük Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Global konumlandırma sistemleri geniş çapta kabul edilmiş bir teknolojidir ve bu sistem konum verisini kullanıcıya dünya çapında sağlayabilir. Hemen hemen bütün mobil ve elde tutulabilen cihazlar GPS sensörünü hazır olarak bulundurmaktadır. Global konumlama sistemi birçok takip uygulamalarında kullanılsa da daha çok açık alanlarda kullanımı yaygın olup, yeterli hassaslıkta ölçüm verirler. GPS sinyalleri kullanıcı ve uydu arasındaki malzemelerden kaynaklı olarak bozulduğu ve sönümlendiği için yapı içerisinde bu sinyallerle konumlandırma işlemi zordur. Buna ek olarak, kapalı alanda konum bulmada GPS gibi kabul edilmiş bir teknoloji yoktur. Bu noktada endüstri ve insanlar için farklı bir kapalı alan konumlandırma teknolojisine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu tezde, mesafe tahmin metodları, kapalı alan konumlandırma teknolojileri ve konumlandırma algoritmaları avantajları ve kısıtlayıcı özellikleriyle araştırıldı. Literatür taramasından sonra, ultra-wideband teknolojisi oldukça düşük enerji tüketimi, hassasiyet oranı, güçlü yapısı ve daha az etkileşme özelliklerinden dolayı seçildi. Devreler amaçlanan ağ örgüsünün oluşturulabilmesi için tasarlandı ve üretildi. 20 m'ye kadar mesafe testleri yapıldı ve en yüksek ortalama mutlak hata 3.67 cm olarak bulundu. Üç farklı konumlandırma algoritması tasarlanan sisteme uygulandı ve testler 44 m² alan içerisinde gerçekleştirildi. Rastgele konumlandırma testleri arasında optimum hata sonuçlarını veren en küçük kareler yöntemi ile yapılan konumlandırma testlerinin tamamında en yüksek 59.93 cm ortalama mutlak hata sonucu ölçüldü. Son ürün testleri algoritmalara bağlı olarak 60 cm'nin altında hata ile kapalı alanda konumlandırmanın mümkün olduğunu gösterdi. Sonuçlar gösteriyor ki ultra-wide band çeşitli kapalı alan konumlandırma sistemi uygulamaları için güvenilir bir teknolojidir.
Global Positioning System is widely adopted technology and provides location data to the user all around the world. Most of the mobile and handheld devices have built-in GPS sensors. Although GPS are used in variety of tracking applications, their use is mainly based on outdoor environments and they can provide sufficient accuracy. Since GPS signals are disrupted and attenuated by materials between user and satellite, it is hard to locate user or asset in a building. In addition, there is no preferred technology like GPS to find position in indoor environments. At this point, there needs to be a different technology in indoor environment for both people and industry. In this thesis, distance estimation methods, indoor positioning technologies and positioning algorithms are investigated with their advantages and limitations. After literature review, ultra-wideband technology has been chosen because of its very low energy consumption, precision rate, robustness and low interference feature. The circuits have been designed and produced for creation of aimed network. Distance measurement tests have been conducted up to 20 m and the maximum mean absolute error has been found out as 3.67 cm. Three different positioning algorithms have been applied to the designed system and tests are carried out in 44 m² area. Maximum mean absolute error is measured as 59.93 cm among random position tests for Least Square Estimation positioning algorithm which brings the optimum results. The end product test results showed that the possibility of tracking in indoor environment with an error of under 60 cm depending on positioning algorithms. Results also state that ultra-wide band is an assuring technology for various indoor positioning applications.
Global Positioning System is widely adopted technology and provides location data to the user all around the world. Most of the mobile and handheld devices have built-in GPS sensors. Although GPS are used in variety of tracking applications, their use is mainly based on outdoor environments and they can provide sufficient accuracy. Since GPS signals are disrupted and attenuated by materials between user and satellite, it is hard to locate user or asset in a building. In addition, there is no preferred technology like GPS to find position in indoor environments. At this point, there needs to be a different technology in indoor environment for both people and industry. In this thesis, distance estimation methods, indoor positioning technologies and positioning algorithms are investigated with their advantages and limitations. After literature review, ultra-wideband technology has been chosen because of its very low energy consumption, precision rate, robustness and low interference feature. The circuits have been designed and produced for creation of aimed network. Distance measurement tests have been conducted up to 20 m and the maximum mean absolute error has been found out as 3.67 cm. Three different positioning algorithms have been applied to the designed system and tests are carried out in 44 m² area. Maximum mean absolute error is measured as 59.93 cm among random position tests for Least Square Estimation positioning algorithm which brings the optimum results. The end product test results showed that the possibility of tracking in indoor environment with an error of under 60 cm depending on positioning algorithms. Results also state that ultra-wide band is an assuring technology for various indoor positioning applications.
Açıklama
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyomedikal Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mühendislik Bilimleri, Engineering Sciences
