2002- 2015 Yıllarında Türkiye’de Amerikan Karşıtlığı
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2020-08-12
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türkiye, Soğuk Savaş dönemi ve sonrasında Sovyet tehditleri karşısında ABD ile yakın ilişkiler kurmuştur. Soğuk Savaş denklemi altında şekillenen Türk-Amerikan ilişkileri, çoğu zaman stratejik ortaklıklar içerisinde bulunmuş olsa da ilişkiler kırılgan bir yapı ve güvensizlik ortamında gelişim göstermiştir. Türkiye, 11 Eylül saldırısından sonra ABD’nin gerçekleştirdiği Ekim 2001 Afganistan ve Mart 2003 Irak işgallerinde önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Bu çerçevede çalışma, 2002-2015 yıllarında Türkiye’de Amerikan Karşıtlığının oluşmasında etkili olayların en başında gelen Tezkere Krizi ile derin yara alan Türk-Amerikan ittifakını ve kamuoyu görüşlerini göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. 2003 yılında Amerika’nın Irak’ı işgal etmesiyle, Irak’ın etnik ve mezhepsel olarak ayrışmasına, Türkiye’nin güvenlik zafiyetinin oluşmasına ve önemli ölçüde de Türkiye’nin ulusal çıkarlarını tehdit eden sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalmasına neden olmuştur. Irak müdahalesinde kuzeyden cephe açılmasını öngören Başbakanlık Tezkeresi’nin TBMM’den ret kararı çıkmasıyla bozulan ittifak ilişkileri ve buna bağlı olarak Süleymaniye Baskını ile de Türk askerinin başına çuval geçirilmesi; ilişkilerde derinleşen güvensizlik ortamına, kamuoyunda artan Amerikan karşıtlığına yol açmıştır. Mavi Marmara olayı ile ABD’nin İsrail’i savunması, Arap Baharı’nın da etkisiyle küresel bir kriz haline gelen Suriye’de ABD’nin PYD ve YPG unsurlarını destekleyerek Türkiye’nin terörle mücadeledeki çabalarını hiçe sayması, Türk tarafının üçüncü dünya ülkeleri ile yakınlaşmasının önünü açmıştır. Kamuoyunun ve Türk karar alıcılarının söylemlerine de yer veren bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de Amerikan karşıtlığının ne derece olduğu gösterilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Türk-Amerikan İlişkileri; Amerikan Karşıtlığı; Türk Kamuoyu; 1 Mart Tezkere Krizi; Süleymaniye Baskını; Mavi Marmara; Suriye Krizi.
The Soviet Union which played an important role in Turkey's foreign relations, had been effective in establishing close relations with the US during the Cold War with its threats. Although Turkish-American relations that developed in the historical process, were often found in strategic partnerships, relations developed in an environment of fragile structure and insecurity. After the September 11 attacks, Turkey was affected significantly in the Afghanistan and Iraq interventions carried out by the USA. In this frame, this study aims to show the Turkish-American alliance and public opinions that were deeply wounded by the Tezkere Crisis, which was one of the most influential event in the formation of Anti-Americanism during 2002- 2015 in Turkey. The US intervention in Iraq, which took place in 2003, led to the ethnic and sectarian separation of Iraq, was the cause of Turkey's security weaknesses and significantly had caused Turkey to be confronted with the problem that threaten the national interests of Turkey. The alliance relations that deteriorated following the rejection of the Prime Ministry's Resolution, which envisaged the opening of the front from the North in the Iraqi intervention, and, accordingly, putting sacks on the heads of the Turkish soldiers with the Suleymaniye Raid led to an environment of deeper distrust in relations and increased American opposition to the public. The US defense of Israel in the Mavi Marmara incident, and in the face of Turkey’s efforts to fight terrorism, in Syria, which has become a global crisis with the effect of the Arab Spring, disregarding Turkey's counterterrorism efforts by the United States and supporting the PYD and YPG elements; paved the way for the Turkish side to get closer to third world countries. In the preparation of this study, which includes the discourses of the public and Turkish decision-makers, periodical publications archive and official website graphics are presented to see the dimensions of anti-Americanism and ongoing alliance relations."
The Soviet Union which played an important role in Turkey's foreign relations, had been effective in establishing close relations with the US during the Cold War with its threats. Although Turkish-American relations that developed in the historical process, were often found in strategic partnerships, relations developed in an environment of fragile structure and insecurity. After the September 11 attacks, Turkey was affected significantly in the Afghanistan and Iraq interventions carried out by the USA. In this frame, this study aims to show the Turkish-American alliance and public opinions that were deeply wounded by the Tezkere Crisis, which was one of the most influential event in the formation of Anti-Americanism during 2002- 2015 in Turkey. The US intervention in Iraq, which took place in 2003, led to the ethnic and sectarian separation of Iraq, was the cause of Turkey's security weaknesses and significantly had caused Turkey to be confronted with the problem that threaten the national interests of Turkey. The alliance relations that deteriorated following the rejection of the Prime Ministry's Resolution, which envisaged the opening of the front from the North in the Iraqi intervention, and, accordingly, putting sacks on the heads of the Turkish soldiers with the Suleymaniye Raid led to an environment of deeper distrust in relations and increased American opposition to the public. The US defense of Israel in the Mavi Marmara incident, and in the face of Turkey’s efforts to fight terrorism, in Syria, which has become a global crisis with the effect of the Arab Spring, disregarding Turkey's counterterrorism efforts by the United States and supporting the PYD and YPG elements; paved the way for the Turkish side to get closer to third world countries. In the preparation of this study, which includes the discourses of the public and Turkish decision-makers, periodical publications archive and official website graphics are presented to see the dimensions of anti-Americanism and ongoing alliance relations."
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Türk-Amerikan İlişkileri, Amerikan Karşıtlığı, Türk Kamuoyu, 1 Mart Tezkere Krizi, Süleymaniye Baskını, Mavi Marmara, Suriye Krizi.
