XIX. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Safranbolu’nun Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapısı
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2021-11-29
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Osmanlı Devleti 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısında idari, sosyal ve ekonomik alanlarda önemli gelişmelere sahne olmuştur. Zira nüfus miktarına ve ülkenin sosyo-ekonomik niteliklerine ilişkin bilgi almayı hedefleyen nüfus sayımları, muhtarlıklar ile muhassıllık meclislerinin teşkili, kişilerin gelir kaynaklarına yönelik sayımlar ile tek vergi düzenlemelerinin yapılması ilk kez bu dönem aralığında hayata geçirilmiştir. Yeni dünyaya uyum sağlamak amacıyla gerçekleştirdiği bu düzenlemeler sayesinde devlet, nüfusunu, sosyal ve ekonomik potansiyelini daha modern tekniklerle tespit edebilme imkânına kavuşmuştur. Gerçekleştirilen bu tez çalışması ile başkente yakınlığı, ticaret ve kervan yollarının kavşağında bulunması, iskâna ve tarıma elverişli coğrafyasıyla stratejik bakımdan önemli olan Safranbolu’nun 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısındaki sosyo-ekonomik durumu tahlil edilerek, Osmanlı Devleti’nin küçük bir kesitinin aydınlatılabilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Tez çalışması, giriş ve üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde Safranbolu’nun aldığı isimler, coğrafi konumu ile tarihçesi ele alınarak tarihi arka plan oluşturulmuştur. Birinci bölümde kaza olgusu, mahalle ve köy kavramı üzerinden Safranbolu’nun incelenen dönemdeki mahalleleri ve köyleri ile bunların idarecileri tespit edilerek Safranbolu’nun idari yapısı temellendirilmiştir. Ardından Safranbolu’da bulunan etnik unsurlar, bunların nüfusu ve birtakım özellikleri ile yaşanılan sosyal hareketlilikler değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci bölümde aileden, yaşanılan adli vakalara, sosyal kurumlardan, folklorik unsurlara kadar çeşitli konular ele alınarak Safranbolu’nun sosyal yapısı meydana çıkarılmıştır. Son bölümde ise kazanın sahip olduğu mesleki yapı, tarım arazileri, yetiştirilen ürünler, kazanç sağlanılan gayrimenkul ve işletmeler, elde edilen gelirler ve ödenen vergi miktarları ile bunların birbirleriyle ilişkileri incelenerek Safranbolu’nun ekonomik profili ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. ?
In the first half of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire experienced significant changes in administrative, social, and economic fields. Because censuses aimed at obtaining information about the country's population and socioeconomic characteristics, the formation of mukhtars and taxpayer councils, censuses for individual income sources, and single tax regulations were implemented for the first time during this period. Thanks to these adaptations to the new world, the state had the opportunity to determine its population, social, and economic potential using more modern techniques. The purpose of this thesis is to shed light on a small section of the Ottoman Empire by analyzing the socio-economic situation of Safranbolu in the first half of 19th century, which is strategically important due to its proximity to the capital, location at a crossroads of trade and caravan routes, and geography suitable for settlement and agriculture. The thesis consists of an introduction and three parts. In the introduction part, the historical background was created by discussing the names given to Safranbolu, its geographical location and history. The neighborhoods and villages of Safranbolu during the examined period, as well as their administrators, were determined in the first part, and the administrative structure of Safranbolu was based on the concept of district, neighborhood, and village. The ethnic elements in Safranbolu, their population and some of their characteristics, as well as their social mobility, were then assessed. The social structure of Safranbolu was revealed in the second part by discussing a variety of topics ranging from family to legal cases, social institutions to folkloric elements. In the final section, the economic profile of Safranbolu was attempted to be revealed by examining the district's occupational structure, agricultural lands, products grown, real estate and businesses, income obtained and taxes paid, and their relationships with one another."
In the first half of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire experienced significant changes in administrative, social, and economic fields. Because censuses aimed at obtaining information about the country's population and socioeconomic characteristics, the formation of mukhtars and taxpayer councils, censuses for individual income sources, and single tax regulations were implemented for the first time during this period. Thanks to these adaptations to the new world, the state had the opportunity to determine its population, social, and economic potential using more modern techniques. The purpose of this thesis is to shed light on a small section of the Ottoman Empire by analyzing the socio-economic situation of Safranbolu in the first half of 19th century, which is strategically important due to its proximity to the capital, location at a crossroads of trade and caravan routes, and geography suitable for settlement and agriculture. The thesis consists of an introduction and three parts. In the introduction part, the historical background was created by discussing the names given to Safranbolu, its geographical location and history. The neighborhoods and villages of Safranbolu during the examined period, as well as their administrators, were determined in the first part, and the administrative structure of Safranbolu was based on the concept of district, neighborhood, and village. The ethnic elements in Safranbolu, their population and some of their characteristics, as well as their social mobility, were then assessed. The social structure of Safranbolu was revealed in the second part by discussing a variety of topics ranging from family to legal cases, social institutions to folkloric elements. In the final section, the economic profile of Safranbolu was attempted to be revealed by examining the district's occupational structure, agricultural lands, products grown, real estate and businesses, income obtained and taxes paid, and their relationships with one another."
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Osmanlı, Safranbolu, Şehir Tarihi, Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapı, 19. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısı, Ottoman, Safranbolu, City History, Socio-Economic Structure, First Half of the 19th Century.
