2008 Dünya Finansal Krizinin Türkiye’nin Dış Ticareti Üzerine Etkisi
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2022-02
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde mortgage piyasalarında ortaya çıkan finansal krizin temelinde gayrimenkul sistemi bulunmaktadır. 2008 Finansal Krizi, krizden önceki süreçte birçok ülkede uygulanan ekonomik politikaların yeniden tartışılması düşüncesini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Küreselleşmeyle birlikte ülkelerin büyük bir çoğunluğu birbirine entegre hale gelmişlerdir. 21. yüzyılda teknolojideki gelişim, bu entegrasyonun çok daha fazla ilerlemesine olanak sağlamıştır. Bu entegrasyonun avantajları olduğu gibi dezavantajları da bulunmaktadır. Bu dezavantajların en önemlilerinden biri de krizlerin bulaşıcılığıdır. Dünyanın hem büyük bir üreticisi hem büyük bir tüketicisi hem de finans merkezi olması sebebiyle ABD’de çıkan bir krizin dünyanın geri kalanını da etkileyeceği açıktır. Türkiye de bu krizden etkilenen önemli ülkelerden biridir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, 2008 Finansal Krizi’nin Türkiye’nin dış ticareti üzerine etkisini araştırmak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, Türkiye’nin ithalat ve ihracat değerlerine %1 oranının üzerinde etki eden fasılların, 2003-2020 yılları arası ithalat ve ihracat verileri baz alınarak dış ticaretin değişimi incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda; 2008 yılı baz alındığında 2009 yılında ihracatta en yüksek azalış seviyesini gösteren fasıl, %94,9 oranı ile demir ve çelik olduğu görülmüştür. İthalatta ise, 2008 yılı baz alındığında 2009 yılında en fazla azalış gösteren fasıl %64,56 oranı ile kıymetli ve yarı kıymetli taşlar faslı olduğu görülmüştür. 2008 Finansal Krizinden sonra, turizm gelirlerindeki ve ihracat, ithalat rakamlarındaki azalışlara bağlı olarak ödemeler bilançosu, dış ticaret dengesi ve sermaye hesabından oluşan kalemlerin en fazla kayba uğrayan kalemler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. ?
Globalization has led to the integration of the economies of many countries. In the 21st century, technological development is also a factor that accelerates integration. However, integration has advantages as well as disadvantages. The foremost of these disadvantages is that economic crises have become contagious between countries. The emerging mortgage crisis in the United States quickly turned into a financial crisis that affected the world. As the world's largest economy and a major financial center, a crisis that broke out in the USA quickly infects other countries' economies. In the globalizing world, Turkey is one of the countries affected by these crises. In this study, the effect of the 2008 Financial Crisis on Turkey's foreign trade is investigated. In the study, the change in foreign trade was examined by using the data of the sections that had a greater than 1% effect between the import and export items of Turkey between the years 2003-2020. As a result, it was determined that the highest decrease in imports was in cotton and cotton products during the crisis period, while the highest increase in exports was in iron and steel products. After the 2008 Financial Crisis, it was concluded that the items consisting of the balance of payments, foreign trade balance and capital account were the items that lost the most, depending on tourism revenues and the decreases in exports and imports. As a result of the study; based on 2008, it was concluded that the section showing the highest decrease in imports in 2009 was iron and steel section with a rate of 94,9%. In terms of exports, when 2008 is taken as a basis, it was concluded that the section with the highest decrease in 2009 was the precious and semi precious stones section with a rate of 64,56%. After the 2008 Financial Crisis, it was concluded that the items consisting of balance of payments, foreign trade balance and capital account were the items that lost the most, depending on the decrease in tourism revenues and the figures of exports and imports."
Globalization has led to the integration of the economies of many countries. In the 21st century, technological development is also a factor that accelerates integration. However, integration has advantages as well as disadvantages. The foremost of these disadvantages is that economic crises have become contagious between countries. The emerging mortgage crisis in the United States quickly turned into a financial crisis that affected the world. As the world's largest economy and a major financial center, a crisis that broke out in the USA quickly infects other countries' economies. In the globalizing world, Turkey is one of the countries affected by these crises. In this study, the effect of the 2008 Financial Crisis on Turkey's foreign trade is investigated. In the study, the change in foreign trade was examined by using the data of the sections that had a greater than 1% effect between the import and export items of Turkey between the years 2003-2020. As a result, it was determined that the highest decrease in imports was in cotton and cotton products during the crisis period, while the highest increase in exports was in iron and steel products. After the 2008 Financial Crisis, it was concluded that the items consisting of the balance of payments, foreign trade balance and capital account were the items that lost the most, depending on tourism revenues and the decreases in exports and imports. As a result of the study; based on 2008, it was concluded that the section showing the highest decrease in imports in 2009 was iron and steel section with a rate of 94,9%. In terms of exports, when 2008 is taken as a basis, it was concluded that the section with the highest decrease in 2009 was the precious and semi precious stones section with a rate of 64,56%. After the 2008 Financial Crisis, it was concluded that the items consisting of balance of payments, foreign trade balance and capital account were the items that lost the most, depending on the decrease in tourism revenues and the figures of exports and imports."
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Finansal Kriz, Dış Ticaret, Türkiye, İthalat, İhracat, Financial Crisis, Foreign Trade, Turkey, Imports, Export
