Tarihi yapıların sürdürülebilirliği açısından zamansız müze kavramı üzerine bir değerlendirme: ankara gar binası
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Karabük Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
Tarihi yapıların müze olarak uyarlanması, kültürel mirasın korunması ile geçmişe ait izlerinin yeni nesile taşınması ve tarihi yapının sürdürülebilirliği açısından büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Müze anlayışının; tamamen yeni bir bina, mevcut tarihi binaya ek yapı olarak veya tarihi binayı yenileme şeklinde olabilir. Müze olarak dönüşümü gerçekleştirilmiş tarihi yapılarda oluşturulan bu algı fiziksel değişimin yanı sıra tarihi dokunun korunması, kentsel imge ile uyum ve müze kavramıyla bütünleşen bir algı oluşturmayı da içermektedir. Tarihi Gar binaları, kentlerin ilk varış ve bitiş noktası olması sebebi ile kentlerin simgesel değerleridir. Ayrıca Anadolu'da demiryolu tarihine bakıldığında bu yapılar tarihi yapı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Ancak günümüz teknolojisi ve ihtiyaçlarına bağlı olarak YHT (Yüksek Hızlı Tren) kullanımının artması ile tarihi gar binaları işlev açısından ikincil duruma düşmesi veya kullanım dışı kalması bu yapıların sürdürülebilirliğini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Tarihi yapıların sürdürülebilirliği için müze fikri günümüzde sıkça tercih edilmekte ve hizmetini tamamlamış yapılar müze mekânı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Özgün işlevini tamamlamış tarihi gar binalarının müzeye dönüştürüldüğü özellikle dünyadan örnekler bulunmaktadır. Türkiye'de istasyon veya gar binası mekânlarında sergileme düzeni yapılan az sayıda örnekten bahsetmek mümkündür. Genellikle periyodik sergilerin olduğu örnekler veya birtakım sanatsal aktivitelerin yapıldığı bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu tür etkinlikler gelip giden insanların bir izleyici/ziyaretçi potansiyeli oluşturması açısından da önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın konusu olan Ankara Gar Binası'nın kentin gelişme sürecinde, Kale ve Ulus Atatürk Heykeli'nden başlayarak I. Meclis, II. Meclis ve Ankara Palas ile devam eden aksın sonunda yer alması ile bir başlangıç ve bitiş noktasıdır. Tarihi yapının bulunduğu bu konum itibari ile Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi'nden günümüze kadar önemli tarihi olaylara şahitlik etmesiyle önemini sürdürmektedir. Ankara erken dönem kent planlarında bu aks dikkate alınarak kentin geliştirildiği görülmektedir. Ankara Gar Binası, kurulduğu günden bu yana özgün işlevi ve tarihi simgeselliği ile varlığına devam etmekte olup, çevresel koşullarının değişiminden dolayı günümüz kullanıcıları tarafından fark edilebilirliği azalmıştır. Tarihi yapının tekrar öneminin ön plana çıkarılabilmesi için mevcut işlevine ek olarak müze algısıyla kullanıcılarına sunulması yapının sürdürülebilirliği açısından önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Ankara Gar Binası, günün her saatinde hizmetine devam eden, tren istasyonuna gelen yolcuları karşılayan ve seyahat edecek ziyaretçileri uğurlayan ve diğer hizmetler için tercih edilen bir yapı olması sebebi ile devamlı bir ziyaretçi potansiyeline sahiptir. Ancak aktif olarak ziyaretçiler tarafından kullanılan alanların kısıtlılığı ve tarihi yapının bir geçiş alanına dönüşümü binanın önemini gölgelemektedir. Bu sebeple tarihi binanın kent kültürü ve belleğini de yansıtarak ortaya çıkaracak müze kavramı içerisinde değerlendirilmesi, onun 7/24 aktif özgün işlevini sürdürmesi ile zamansız müze kavramı içerisinde ele alınabileceğine ilişkin kurgulanan çalışmanın hipotezi sınanmıştır. Ankara Gar Binası'nı konu alan bu çalışmada literatür araştırması ve yapı topluluğu içinde yer alan binanın mevcut durum tespiti yapılmıştır. Oluşturulan hipotezin sınanması için uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda AHP yöntemi uygulanarak kriterler ve önem sıralaması oluşturulmuştur. Bu doğrultuda anket ifadeleri oluşturularak 521 katılımcının görüşleri değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda özgün işlevine devam eden tarihi yapının zamansız müze kavramı içerisinde değerlendirilmesinin ve zamansız müze kavramı tanımlamasının ilgili literatüre katkı sağlayacağı anlaşılmıştır.
Adapting historical buildings as museums is of great importance in terms of preserving cultural heritage, transferring traces of the past to the new generation, and sustainability of historical buildings. The understanding of the museum; can be a completely new building, an addition to an existing historic building, or a renovation of a historic building. This perception, created in historical buildings that have been transformed into museums, includes physical change as well as preservation of the historical texture, harmony with the urban image, and creating a perception that integrates with the concept of the museum. Historical Train Station buildings are the symbolic values of cities as they are the first arrival and finish point of cities. In addition, when looking at the history of railways in Anatolia, these buildings are considered as historical buildings. However, due to the increasing use of YHT (High-Speed Train) depending on today's technology and needs, historical station buildings have become secondary in terms of function or fall out of use, which negatively affects the sustainability of these buildings. The idea of a museum is frequently preferred today for the sustainability of historical buildings, and buildings that have completed their service are used as museum spaces. There are examples from around the world where historical station buildings that have completed their original functions have been converted into museums. It is possible to mention a few examples displayed in stations or station buildings in Turkey. It is known that there are generally examples of periodic exhibitions or some artistic activities. In this context, such events are also important in creating an audience/visitor potential for people coming and going. Ankara Station Building, which is the subject of this study, is a starting and ending point in the development process of the city, as it is located at the end of the axis starting from the Castle and Ulus Atatürk Statue and continuing with the I. Parliament, II. Parliament and Ankara Palace. Thanks to this location where the historical building is located, it continues to be important as it has witnessed important historical events from the Early Republic Period to the present day. In the early urban plans of Ankara, it is seen that the city was developed by taking this axis into consideration. Ankara Station Building continues its existence with its original function and historical symbolism since the day it was founded, but its recognizability by today's users has decreased due to the change in environmental conditions. To highlight the importance of the historical building again, presenting it to its users with the perception of a museum in addition to its existing function is important for the sustainability of the building. In this study, the Ankara Station Building has a constant visitor potential as it is a building that continues its service at all hours of the day, welcomes the passengers arriving at the train station, sees off visitors who will travel and is preferred for other services. However, the limitation of areas actively used by visitors and the transformation of the historical building into a transition area overshadow the importance of the building. For this reason, the hypothesis of the study which was designed to evaluate the historical building within the concept of a museum that will reflect and reveal the city's culture and memory and that it can be considered within the concept of the timeless museum by maintaining its active original function 24/7, was tested. In this study, which focuses on the Ankara Station Building, a literature review, and an assessment of the current state of the building within the complex have been conducted. To test the hypothesis, criteria and importance rankings were created by applying the AHP method in line with expert opinions. In this regard, survey statements were created and the opinions of 521 participants were evaluated. In line with the results obtained, it was understood that evaluating the historical building, which continues its original function, within the concept of timeless museum and defining the concept of the timeless museum will contribute to the relevant literature.
Adapting historical buildings as museums is of great importance in terms of preserving cultural heritage, transferring traces of the past to the new generation, and sustainability of historical buildings. The understanding of the museum; can be a completely new building, an addition to an existing historic building, or a renovation of a historic building. This perception, created in historical buildings that have been transformed into museums, includes physical change as well as preservation of the historical texture, harmony with the urban image, and creating a perception that integrates with the concept of the museum. Historical Train Station buildings are the symbolic values of cities as they are the first arrival and finish point of cities. In addition, when looking at the history of railways in Anatolia, these buildings are considered as historical buildings. However, due to the increasing use of YHT (High-Speed Train) depending on today's technology and needs, historical station buildings have become secondary in terms of function or fall out of use, which negatively affects the sustainability of these buildings. The idea of a museum is frequently preferred today for the sustainability of historical buildings, and buildings that have completed their service are used as museum spaces. There are examples from around the world where historical station buildings that have completed their original functions have been converted into museums. It is possible to mention a few examples displayed in stations or station buildings in Turkey. It is known that there are generally examples of periodic exhibitions or some artistic activities. In this context, such events are also important in creating an audience/visitor potential for people coming and going. Ankara Station Building, which is the subject of this study, is a starting and ending point in the development process of the city, as it is located at the end of the axis starting from the Castle and Ulus Atatürk Statue and continuing with the I. Parliament, II. Parliament and Ankara Palace. Thanks to this location where the historical building is located, it continues to be important as it has witnessed important historical events from the Early Republic Period to the present day. In the early urban plans of Ankara, it is seen that the city was developed by taking this axis into consideration. Ankara Station Building continues its existence with its original function and historical symbolism since the day it was founded, but its recognizability by today's users has decreased due to the change in environmental conditions. To highlight the importance of the historical building again, presenting it to its users with the perception of a museum in addition to its existing function is important for the sustainability of the building. In this study, the Ankara Station Building has a constant visitor potential as it is a building that continues its service at all hours of the day, welcomes the passengers arriving at the train station, sees off visitors who will travel and is preferred for other services. However, the limitation of areas actively used by visitors and the transformation of the historical building into a transition area overshadow the importance of the building. For this reason, the hypothesis of the study which was designed to evaluate the historical building within the concept of a museum that will reflect and reveal the city's culture and memory and that it can be considered within the concept of the timeless museum by maintaining its active original function 24/7, was tested. In this study, which focuses on the Ankara Station Building, a literature review, and an assessment of the current state of the building within the complex have been conducted. To test the hypothesis, criteria and importance rankings were created by applying the AHP method in line with expert opinions. In this regard, survey statements were created and the opinions of 521 participants were evaluated. In line with the results obtained, it was understood that evaluating the historical building, which continues its original function, within the concept of timeless museum and defining the concept of the timeless museum will contribute to the relevant literature.
Açıklama
14.12.2024 tarihine kadar kullanımı yazar tarafından kısıtlanmıştır.
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mimarlık, Architecture
