Yoğunlaştırılmış lamine ağaç malzemelerin bazı teknolojik ve balistik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Karabük Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, boyutsal kararlılığı ve balistik koruyuculuğu yüksek bir lamine ağaç malzeme elde etmek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, Uludağ Göknarı (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana mattf.) ve karakavak (Populus nigra L.) odunlarından elde edilen örnekler, melamin formaldehit reçinesiyle emprenye edildikten sonra 120°C ve 140°C sıcaklıklarda, %25 ve %50 oranında termo-mekanik yöntem ile yoğunlaştırılarak levha taslakları üretilmiştir. Daha sonra bu levhalar 3, 5 ve 7 katmanlı, camyünü ve karbonfiber takviye malzemeleri kullanılarak lamine edilmiştir. Takviye malzemeleri ile laminasyonu gerçekleştirilerek elde edilen levhaların; yapışma direnci (TS EN 205), eğilme direnci (TS ISO 13061-3), eğilmede elastikiyet modülü (TS ISO 13061-4), liflere paralel basınç direnci (TS ISO 13061-17), dinamik eğilme (şok) direnci (TS ISO 13061-10), ısı iletkenliği (TS ISO 8302), Brinell Sertlik (TS ISO 13061-12) değerleri belirlenmiş ve balistik testleri (NIJ 01010.06) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca yoğunlaştırma işlemi sonrası ağaç malzemenin anatomik yapısında meydana gelen değişimlerin, melamin formaldehit tutkalının ağaç malzemedeki tutunması ve poliüretan tutkalının yapışmasının tespiti için stereo mikroskop ve SEM görüntüleri incelenmiştir. En iyi yapışma direnci masif karakavak kontrol örneklerinden (8,29 N/mm2), en yüksek eğilme direnci Uludağ Göknarı odunundan elde edilen 140°C sıcaklıkla %50 yoğunlaştırılmış 7 katmanlı camyünü takviyeli örneklerden (159,06 N/mm2), en yüksek eğilmede elastikiyet modülü sonucu karakavak odunundan üretilen 120°C sıcaklıkla %50 yoğunlaştırılmış 3 katmanlı karbonfiber takviyeli örneklerden (12823,95 N/mm2), en yüksek liflere paralel basınç direnci 140°C sıcaklıkta %50 yoğunlaştırılmış Uludağ Göknarı odunundan üretilen 7 katmanlı camyünü takviyeli lamine malzemelerden (96,95 N/mm2), en yüksek dinamik eğilme (şok) direnci 140°C sıcaklıkta %50 yoğunlaştırılmış Uludağ Göknarı oldunundan elde edilen 7 katmanlı camyünü takviyeli lamine malzemelerden (1,66 kgm/cm2), en yüksek ısı iletkenliği katsayısı 140°C sıcaklıkta %50 yoğunlaştırılmış karbonfiber takviyeli 3 katmanlı Uludağ Göknarı örneklerinden (0,16 W/mK). en yüksek Brinell Sertlik değeri ise 120°C sıcaklıkta %50 yoğunlaştırılmış 5 katmanlı camyünü takviyeli Uludağ Göknarı örneklerden (9,09 N/mm2) elde edilmiştir. Balistik testler için üretilen 2 adet 5 ve 1 adet 3 katmanlı levha arka arkaya koyularak balistik testler gerçekleştirilmiş ve 120 °C ve 140 °C %50 yoğunlaştırılmış Karakavak ve Uludağ Göknarı ağacından elde edilen camyünü ve karbonfiber takviyeli lamine malzemelerde balistik dayanım konusunda başarılı sonuç elde edilmiştir. Balistik dayanım gereken iç ve dış mekân donatı elemanlarında %50 yoğunlaştırılmış camyünü takviyeli 3 adet plakanın arka arkaya konularak kullanılması önerilebilir.
In this study, it is aimed to obtain a laminated wood material with high dimensional stability and ballistic protection. For this purpose, the samples obtained from Uludağ Fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana mattf.) and black poplar (Populus nigra L.) woods were impregnated with melamine formaldehyde resin and then densified at 120°C and 140°C with 25% and 50% thermo-mechanical method, and the plates were prepared. Drafts were produced. Then these boards were laminated using 3, 5 and 7 layers, fiberglass and carbon fiber reinforcement materials. Plates obtained by lamination with reinforcing materials; adhesion strength (TS EN 205), bending strength (TS ISO 13061-3), modulus of elasticity (TS ISO 13061-4), pressure resistance parallel to fibers (TS ISO 13061-17), dynamic bending (shock) resistance (TS ISO 13061-10), thermal conductivity (TS ISO 8302), Brinell Hardness (TS ISO 13061-12) values were determined and ballistic tests (NIJ 01010.06) were carried out. In addition, stereo microscope and SEM images were examined to determine the changes in the anatomical structure of the wood material after the densification process, the adhesion of the melamine formaldehyde glue to the wood material and the adhesion of the polyurethane glue. The best adhesion strength was obtained from solid black poplar control samples (8.29 N/mm2). The highest bending strength was obtained from the 7-layer fiberglass reinforced samples (159.06 N/mm2), which was 50% densified at 140°C, obtained from Uludağ Fir wood. The result of the highest modulus of elasticity in bending was obtained from the 3-layer carbon fiber reinforced samples (12823.95 N/mm2) produced from black poplar wood at a temperature of 120°C and 50% densified. The highest compressive strength parallel to the fibers was obtained from 7-layer fiberglass reinforced laminated materials (96.95 N/mm2) produced from Uludağ Fir wood, which was 50% densified at 140°C. The highest dynamic bending (shock) resistance was obtained from the 7-layer fiberglass reinforced laminated materials (1.66 kgm/cm2) obtained from Uludağ Fir, which was 50% densified at 140°C. The highest thermal conductivity coefficient was found in the 3 layer Uludağ Fir samples (0.16 W/mK) reinforced with 50% densified carbon fiber at 140°C. The highest Brinell Hardness value was found (9.09 N/mm2) in the 5-layer fiberglass reinforced Uludağ Fir samples, which were 50% densified at 120°C. Ballistic tests were carried out by placing 2 pieces of 5 and 1 piece of 3-layer plates produced for ballistic tests one after the other, and successful results were obtained in terms of ballistic resistance in fiberglass and carbon fiber reinforced laminated materials obtained from Black poplar and Uludağ Fir trees, which are 50% densified at 120°C and 140°C. It can be recommended to use 3 plates reinforced with 50% densified fiberglass in indoor and outdoor reinforcement elements where ballistic resistance is required.
In this study, it is aimed to obtain a laminated wood material with high dimensional stability and ballistic protection. For this purpose, the samples obtained from Uludağ Fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana mattf.) and black poplar (Populus nigra L.) woods were impregnated with melamine formaldehyde resin and then densified at 120°C and 140°C with 25% and 50% thermo-mechanical method, and the plates were prepared. Drafts were produced. Then these boards were laminated using 3, 5 and 7 layers, fiberglass and carbon fiber reinforcement materials. Plates obtained by lamination with reinforcing materials; adhesion strength (TS EN 205), bending strength (TS ISO 13061-3), modulus of elasticity (TS ISO 13061-4), pressure resistance parallel to fibers (TS ISO 13061-17), dynamic bending (shock) resistance (TS ISO 13061-10), thermal conductivity (TS ISO 8302), Brinell Hardness (TS ISO 13061-12) values were determined and ballistic tests (NIJ 01010.06) were carried out. In addition, stereo microscope and SEM images were examined to determine the changes in the anatomical structure of the wood material after the densification process, the adhesion of the melamine formaldehyde glue to the wood material and the adhesion of the polyurethane glue. The best adhesion strength was obtained from solid black poplar control samples (8.29 N/mm2). The highest bending strength was obtained from the 7-layer fiberglass reinforced samples (159.06 N/mm2), which was 50% densified at 140°C, obtained from Uludağ Fir wood. The result of the highest modulus of elasticity in bending was obtained from the 3-layer carbon fiber reinforced samples (12823.95 N/mm2) produced from black poplar wood at a temperature of 120°C and 50% densified. The highest compressive strength parallel to the fibers was obtained from 7-layer fiberglass reinforced laminated materials (96.95 N/mm2) produced from Uludağ Fir wood, which was 50% densified at 140°C. The highest dynamic bending (shock) resistance was obtained from the 7-layer fiberglass reinforced laminated materials (1.66 kgm/cm2) obtained from Uludağ Fir, which was 50% densified at 140°C. The highest thermal conductivity coefficient was found in the 3 layer Uludağ Fir samples (0.16 W/mK) reinforced with 50% densified carbon fiber at 140°C. The highest Brinell Hardness value was found (9.09 N/mm2) in the 5-layer fiberglass reinforced Uludağ Fir samples, which were 50% densified at 120°C. Ballistic tests were carried out by placing 2 pieces of 5 and 1 piece of 3-layer plates produced for ballistic tests one after the other, and successful results were obtained in terms of ballistic resistance in fiberglass and carbon fiber reinforced laminated materials obtained from Black poplar and Uludağ Fir trees, which are 50% densified at 120°C and 140°C. It can be recommended to use 3 plates reinforced with 50% densified fiberglass in indoor and outdoor reinforcement elements where ballistic resistance is required.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ağaç İşleri, Wood Products ; Mühendislik Bilimleri
