Hardox 450 çeliğinin soğutma ve yağlama ortamında aşınma davranışının incelenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Karabük Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hardox çeliği, sürtünme ve aşınmaya karşı yüksek aşınma direnci, yüksek darbe dayanımı, kolay kaynaklanabilirliği, yüksek sünekliği ve iyi işlenebilirliği ile bilinir.
Bu çelik çoğunlukla madencilik endüstrilerinde yüksek aşınma altında kullanılacak makine üretim parçaları için kullanılır. Mevcut altı Hardox çelik türü arasında Hardox çelik 400, 450 ve 500 türleri çoğunlukla damperlerin yapısında kullanılır.
Bu araştırma, Hardox Steel 450'nin çeşitli kuru ve soğutma ortamlarında Tungsten Karbür (WC) bilyalara karşı tribolojik performansına odaklanacaktır.
Çeşitli Hardox Steel 450 numuneleri kuru, yağ (MQL Oil Mobil Vacuoline 525) ve soğuk yağ (CRYMQL Oil Mobil Vacuoline 525) ortamlarda bilye-düz karşılıklı sürtünme kullanılarak test edilmiştir.
Test verileri 100 m kayma mesafesi, 40 mm/s kayma hızı, 120 rpm hız ve x-koordinatlarında 5 mm stroku içermektedir, ayrıca kullanılan yükler 20, 30 ve 40N'dur. Bunu kütle kaybı, aşınma kuvvetleri ve aşınma derinliği gibi en önemli tribolojik özelliklerin yanı sıra SEM mikrograflarının incelenmesi takip etmiştir.
Sonuçlar, en düşük kütle kaybının CRYMQL ortamında meydana geldiğini göstermiştir. Buna ek olarak, en yüksek aşınma derinliği değerinin kuru ortamda 40 mm/s kayma hızında ve 40 N yükte 10 μm'ye eşit olduğu ortaya çıkmış. Ayrıca, minimum sürtünme kuvveti değeri (2,3 N) CRYMQL ortamında 40 mm/s kayma hızında ve 20 N yükte elde edilmiştir.
Hardox steel is known for its high wear resistance to friction and abrasion, high impact strength, easy weldability, high ductility, and good machining. This steel is mostly used for machine production pieces that will be used under high abrasion, mainly in mining industries. Among the six Hardox steel types available, the Hardox steel 400, 450, and 500 types are mostly used in the structure of tippers. This research will be focused on the Hardox Steel 450 tribological performance against Tungsten Carbide (WC) balls in various dry, and cooling environments. Various Hardox Steel 450 samples were tested using ball-on-flat reciprocating friction, in dry, lubricated (MQL Oil Mobil Vacuoline 525) and cold-lubricated (CRYO_MQL Oil Mobil Vacuoline 525) environments. The test data includes a sliding distance of 100 m, a sliding speed of 40 mm/s, a speed of 120 rpm, and a stroke of 5 mm in x-coordinates, in addition, the loads used were 20, 30, and 40N. This was followed by an examination of the most important tribological properties, such as mass loss, abrasion forces, and the depth of wear, as well as SEM micrographs. The results showed that the lowest mass loss occurred in the CRYMQL environment. In addition, the highest depth of wear value was revealed to be equal to 25.3 μm in a dry environment at a sliding speed of 40 mm/s and a load of 40 N. Furthermore, the minimum friction force value (1.24 N) was achieved at a sliding speed of 40 mm/s and a load of 20 N under the CRYO_MQL environment.
Hardox steel is known for its high wear resistance to friction and abrasion, high impact strength, easy weldability, high ductility, and good machining. This steel is mostly used for machine production pieces that will be used under high abrasion, mainly in mining industries. Among the six Hardox steel types available, the Hardox steel 400, 450, and 500 types are mostly used in the structure of tippers. This research will be focused on the Hardox Steel 450 tribological performance against Tungsten Carbide (WC) balls in various dry, and cooling environments. Various Hardox Steel 450 samples were tested using ball-on-flat reciprocating friction, in dry, lubricated (MQL Oil Mobil Vacuoline 525) and cold-lubricated (CRYO_MQL Oil Mobil Vacuoline 525) environments. The test data includes a sliding distance of 100 m, a sliding speed of 40 mm/s, a speed of 120 rpm, and a stroke of 5 mm in x-coordinates, in addition, the loads used were 20, 30, and 40N. This was followed by an examination of the most important tribological properties, such as mass loss, abrasion forces, and the depth of wear, as well as SEM micrographs. The results showed that the lowest mass loss occurred in the CRYMQL environment. In addition, the highest depth of wear value was revealed to be equal to 25.3 μm in a dry environment at a sliding speed of 40 mm/s and a load of 40 N. Furthermore, the minimum friction force value (1.24 N) was achieved at a sliding speed of 40 mm/s and a load of 20 N under the CRYO_MQL environment.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hardox Steel 450, Aşınma, Sürtünme katsayısı, Kütle kaybı, Aşınma derinliği, Triboloji, Soğutma, Yağlama., Abrasion, Wear, Friction coefficient, Mass loss, Wear depth, Tribology, Cooling, Lubrication.
