Soil Improvement by Electrokinetic Sodium Silicate Injection into a Sand Formation Containing Fine Grains

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dc.authoridNoorzad, Ali/0000-0002-3785-7679
dc.authoridHomaee, Mehdi/0000-0003-2493-7407
dc.authoridVakili, Amir Hossein/0000-0001-8920-172X
dc.contributor.authorFalamaki, Amin
dc.contributor.authorNoorzad, Ali
dc.contributor.authorHomaee, Mehdi
dc.contributor.authorVakili, Amir Hossein
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-29T15:51:13Z
dc.date.available2024-09-29T15:51:13Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentKarabük Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThe effect of electrokinetic sodium silicate injection into sand formation containing fine grains was studied in this research. A soil was grouted by Na-silicate in a 160 mm length electrokinetic cell with a 1 V/cm potential gradient for 1 week. Silicate solutions of 5% and 10% concentrations were injected through the reservoir next to the anode electrode, while 10% phosphoric acid or 30 mg/l bicarbonate solutions were used in the cathode chamber. When comparing the results, it was evident that the electrokinetic (EK) process without additives does not significantly enhance soil strength, except in the vicinity of the cathode electrode. Specifically, the most notable increase in strength was observed in the section proximal to the cathode, which demonstrated approximately 3.1 times higher strength than the control sample (i.e., without EK application). The obtained results indicate that injecting 5% and 10% Na-silicate solutions significantly increase the strength of soil all over the sample. Significant improvement in soil strength was observed when Na-Si was injected with bicarbonate as a catholyte during the EK process. Strength at the anode increased by 82% and 107% at 5% and 10% Na-Si concentrations, respectively. Resistance in the middle of the cell samples remained consistent for both concentrations. Immediate application of bicarbonate catholyte and silicate injection notably enhanced soil strength, while efficiency decreased when Na-Si was injected with phosphoric acid catholyte, especially near the cathode. Higher silicate concentrations resulted in reduced penetration length in both acid and bicarbonate catholytes. It can also be concluded that adding silicate to the anode chamber meaningfully reduces the electro-osmotic flow after 2 or 3 days.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10706-024-02821-5
dc.identifier.endpage4929en_US
dc.identifier.issn0960-3182
dc.identifier.issn1573-1529
dc.identifier.issue6en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85193416060en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage4913en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-024-02821-5
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14619/3948
dc.identifier.volume42en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001226643400004en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/Aen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.relation.ispartofGeotechnical and Geological Engineeringen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectElectrokineticsen_US
dc.subjectGroutingen_US
dc.subjectInjectionen_US
dc.subjectNa-silicatesen_US
dc.subjectSoil improvementen_US
dc.titleSoil Improvement by Electrokinetic Sodium Silicate Injection into a Sand Formation Containing Fine Grainsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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