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Öğe An Evaluation on Three Rock-Cut Tombs and their Findings from Korykos(Mersin University, 2022) Eliüsük, M.; Tekocak, M.; Ünlü, Y.The name of Korykos, which was one of the most important cities in the Rough Cilicia, was first mentioned during the time period of Antiochus III. Korykos is listed among the cities captured (223-187 BC) by him in the first phase of the military operations initiated by him to remove the Ptolemaiens from the whole of Anatolia (197 BC). This data indicates that the city was inhabited during the Hellenistic Period. However, the only remnant in the city center dating to this term is a wall braided with the polygonal technique. The fact that so few ruins from the Hellenistic Period have survived in the city is explained by the intense inhabiting of it during the Roman Period, Late Antiquity and the Middle ages. A rich variety of tombs including polygonal stone-walled tombs, tho los tombs, temple planned tombs, vaulted tombs, rock-cut tombs, sarcophagai and chamosorions can be observed in and around the city center of Korykos. The most numerical of these tomb types are the rock-cut tombs. There has been no mention of any rock-cut tomb, dating earlier than the 2nd century AD in the studies carried out so far on these rock-cut tombs. However, the subject of this article which consists of three rock-cut tombs and their finds discovered by big chance during the construction of a highway in 2003 prove that the tombs here date back considerably earlier. These tombs have concretely revealed tradition for the rock-cut tombs, which is very common in the city. Here it is discussed that such tombs do not belong to the 2nd century AD, as some studies have assumed until today, but that the tradition dates back to the 1 st century BC. In the Hellenistic Period, in areas outside the city center of Korykos, approximately forty polygonal stone-walled tombs which were placed in a scattered manner are identified, while during the same period no necropolis area is observed at the center. This situation is explained by the existence of the cremation funerary tradition. The presence of a stamnoid pyx is, which was found in Tomb Number II is assumed to be used for cremation purposes and it is a significant finding that demonstrates the cremation funerary tradition in Korykos. Thus, it is extremely evident that the city's rock-cut tombs were used for cremation funerary in the Late Hellenistic Period. However, there is no definite finding or knowledge about the inhumation burial tradition in Korykos during the Hellenistic Period. The finds in these tombs, on the other hand, have been incredibly important data in terms of showing that inhumation burial was practiced in the Korykos rock-cut tombs in the 1st century AD. © 2022 Mersin University. All rights reserved.Öğe Height-diameter allometry of two commercial pine species located in low productive forest stands of northwestern Türkiye(Osterreichischer Agrarverlag GmbH, 2022) Seki, M.Tree height is one of the most important variables in estimating growing stock volume, carbon stock, site quality, tree growth and yield. Because measurement of tree height is labor-intensive and time consuming, height-diameter models are generally used for height estimates. In this study, twenty existing nonlinear height-diameter models were fitted and evaluated for Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) and Crimean pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) in the Cemaller region, northwestern Türkiye. The best results were obtained with the 3-parameter logistic type model for both species, accounting for about the 79% and 84% of the total variance in height-diameter relationships of Calabrian pine and Crimean pine, respectively. The fitted simple height-diameter models with diameter at breast height as an independent variable can now be used to estimate total tree heights for both species. As a side result, there was significant difference in height-diameter relationship between the two species. The height-diameter models developed in this study can provide accurate height estimates for growth and yield assessment, when tree height measurements are not available and the height-diameter relations of the target region as in this study region. © 2022 Osterreichischer Agrarverlag GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe EVALUATION OF PRODUCT SINTER QUALITY IN BLENDS PREPARED WITH DOMESTIC AND IMPORTED FINE ORES AT KARDEMIR(Baski, 2022) Timur, T.; Cantürk, C.; Esin, F.; Acur, O.; Sevim, M.; Sun, Y.In Integrated Iron and Steel Plants, fine ores of a size that cannot be charged directly to the blast furnaces are combined by subjecting to surface melting under the melting temperature. As a result of sintering, it becomes usable in blast furnaces. Sinter is the most economical ferrous material input of blast furnaces. Blast furnaces production speed, efficiency, quality and economy of the product obtained depend on the raw materials used. In this study, the quality of the product sinter obtained by blending domestic and imported fine ores in different proportions was evaluated. Physical (sieve analysis) and chemical (XRF) properties of the blend were determined by taking samples from the blend area to represent each blend. Blends has been categorized and sintered as domestic and imported fine ore, calibrated ore, pellet dust and other (waste dusts of some plant). Physical (sieve analysis, drum test), chemical (XRF) and metallurgical analysis (RUL, RDI) of the obtained sinters were made. When all analysis results were examined, it was concluded that the most suitable mixture for sinter used in blast furnaces would be provided using at least 30% imported ore. © IMCET 2022. All rights reserved.Öğe IMPROVEMENT OF SIEVE PANELS USED IN BURNT LIMESTONE SCREENING SYSTEM AT KARDEMIR A.Ş. LIME PLANTS(Baski, 2022) Nakas, E.; Cantürk, C.; Esin, F.; Acur, O.; Sevim, M.; Gökkaya, H.Nowadays, industrial factories attach great importance to suggestions and improvement studies in their facilities in order to reduce production costs and increase their competitiveness. Approximately 1.9 billion tons of steel is produced every year in the world and 60% of this amount is obtained from blast furnaces. Burnt limestone is used to remove impurities in the liquid steel during the steel production process of KARDEMİR A.Ş. integrated iron and steel factory. The size of burnt limestone over 50 mm is important for homogeneous dissolution in liquid steel. The breaks in the steel-based sieve panels used in the sizing of the burnt limestone cause the burnt limestone not to be dimensioned properly and cause negativity on the production stops, occupational health and safety issues. In this study, instead of steel based sieve panels, rubber based sieve panels with the same sizing area are used. Along with the improvement made by using rubber-based sieve panels, the production stops caused by the break and break in the panels during the sizing process of burnt limestone, occupational health and safety risks experienced during the replacement of sieve panels were prevented. © IMCET 2022. All rights reserved.Öğe Roman Provincial Coins of Paphlagonian Hadrianopolis(Royal Numismatic Society, 2022) Celíkbas, E.; Oyarçln, K.[No abstract available]Öğe Multivariate Analysis for Air Contamination and Meteorological Parameters in Zonguldak, Turkey(Jordan University of Science and Technology, 2022) Ulutas, K.; Alkarkhi, A.F.M.; Abujayyab, S.K.M.; Abu, Amr, S.S.This study evaluates the concentration of PM10, PM2.5, NOx, NO2, CO and SO2 parameters and the four climatological parameters (temperature, wind speed, humidity and net radiation flux) during the four seasons. Various statistical techniques were utilized to study the behavior of the selected parameters during the seasons. Descriptive statistics exhibited that the studied parameters have high concentrations in winter, except for NO2 (which has a high concentration in autumn), while the concentrations of those parameters were the lowest in summer, except for NO2 and NOX (which have high concentrations in spring). Factor analysis (FA) showed that more than 80% of the total variation belongs to two factors, where 19.47% of the variation was due to wind speed and humidity, while other parameters were responsible for 62.90% of the total variation. Cluster analysis (CA) evaluated the similarity and dissimilarity between various elements through identifying four clusters representing the seasons; cluster 1: autumn, cluster 2: winter, cluster 3: spring and cluster 4: summer. This clustering indicates that the four seasons are entirely different. The highest dissimilarity was reported between summer and the other seasons. CA also classified all parameters into five statistically different clusters; cluster 1: PM10, PM 2.5 and CO; cluster 2: SO2, NOX and NO2; cluster 3: humidity; cluster 4: temperature and radiation and cluster 5: wind speed. This study illustrates the benefits of using multivariate techniques for the evaluation and interpretation of the total variation to get a better picture of the pollution sources/factors and understand the behaviors of the parameters in the air. © 2022 JUST. All Rights Reserved.Öğe Forced Heat Convection Analysis and Entropy Production of CoFe2O4/H2O Nanofluid Flow in a Channel with Wavy Tape under Laminar Regime(Toronto Metropolitan University, 2023) Gürdal, M.; Nazli, C.; Özcan, Y.; Kaya, U.The main aim of the study is to investigate the impact of wavy tape geometry and magnetic nanofluid on thermal and hydraulic characteristic under a laminar flow regime. In this direction, it was examined numerically for convection heat transfer and flow behaviors of CoFe2O4/H2O flowing with 1% volume fraction in a circular channel with different wavy tape forms. This work has conducted the analyses for fully developed flow under uniform and constant heat f lux conditions of 2000 W/m2. The analyzes have been implemented with Reynolds numbers ranging from 500 to 2000. All analysis have been carried out using laminar model and single-phase approach. Finally, heat transfer ratio and Darcy friction factor was gained for the tube with wavy tape amplitude of wave ratio (y=h/w) of 4. On the other hand, it was observed that average Nusselt number and Darcy friction factor values are suitable with the literature. The best heat transfer performance value was achieved at Re=2000. Besides, it was obtained that the Darcy friction factor decreased with increasing Reynolds number, while maximum total entropy generation was reached for CoFe2O4/H2O flow having 1% volume fraction in tube with wavy tape. © 2023, Toronto Metropolitan University. All rights reserved.Öğe Preface(Springer Nature, 2023) Ramadani, V.; Alserhan, B.A.; Dana, L.P.; Zeqiri, J.; Terzi, H.; Bayirli, M.[No abstract available]Öğe DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRATED RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM WITH HYDROGEN STORAGE FOR AUTONOMOUS AND MOBILE 3D PRINTING SYSTEM(International Association for Hydrogen Energy, IAHE, 2022) Khan, S.A.; Koc, M.3D concrete printing technology provides an ideal solution for resilient infrastructure development in critical and emergency situations; however, access and energy are critical challenges in such conditions. This study presented the design of an integrated renewable energy system with hydrogen storage for a unique mobile and autonomous 3D printing system for construction printing. The system has been designed to fulfil the off-grid energy requirement, such as material synthesis, printing, computation, communication, and surveillance/monitoring. The designed energy system has been analysed to produce a 3D printed structure with two different local materials; Construction and Demolishing Waste (CDW) based geopolymer concrete and direct printing of local materials. Due to the energy-intensive process and higher energy requirement for the pre-processing of waste to produce geopolymers, the designed system is more favourable for the direct printing of local materials. With the designed steady-state standard operating conditions the designed integrated system of 5.36kW can print 2.86m3 of the final structure from direct printing of local material and 0.22m3 of geopolymer based concrete structure in 24 hours. The analyse feasibility and production capacity of the designed system, and the overall performance of the system are also analysed for varying solar irradiance (I) conditions. © 2022 Proceedings of WHEC 2022 - 23rd World Hydrogen Energy Conference: Bridging Continents by H2. All rights reserved.Öğe ML-based Approach for Credit Risk Assessment Using Parallel Calculations(CEUR-WS, 2022) Hentosh, L.; Tsikalo, Y.; Kustra, N.; Kutucu, H.In banks and other credit organizations, the task of credit scoring often arises when making decisions on granting loans. The last one consists of making a reasoned decision based on information about the applicant, whether she should be granted a loan, and, if so, on what terms. This paper proposes the application of parallel calculations of the Random forest algorithm when solving the credit scoring task. This approach made it possible to reduce the time of model training and dataset processing significantly. Expectedly, when applying less data, the resulting acceleration and efficiency worsen. Using only 2500 entries, the execution time of the sequential algorithm is less than the parallel algorithm. The developed software was tested on three different processors: 4-core, 8-core, and 12-core, to evaluate the parallelization quality of data pre-processing. The classification algorithm is computationally complex and time-consuming, so we obtained practically the same acceleration for processing 5000 and 10000 records. With this amount of data, the 12-core processor gave the biggest gain in time when working with 12 threads. As a result, it is possible to have an acceleration of more than 6. This efficiency indicator of the proposed parallel algorithm can be significantly improved by varying the number of threads and considering the current trends in developing the multi-core architecture of computing systems. Also, using data without pre-processing, the following evaluation metrics were obtained: AUC=0.9 and Precision=0.845, and using data after pre-processing, these metrics were: AUC=0.86, Precision=0.89. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.Öğe Escape rate in ac SQUID on Josephson junction based on single- and multi-band superconductors in thermal activation regime(B.Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the NAS of Ukraine, 2023) Aydin, A.; Askerzade, I.N.; Askerbeyli, R.The escape rate of S?R switching (from superconducting S state to unstable resistive R state) in an ac SQUID with Josephson junction based on single- and multi-band superconductors is investigated by taking the frustration effects in a multi-band superconducting state into account. Using the effective critical current approach, it is shown that the escape rate in thermal activation regime can manifest qualitative features caused by the frustration effects in two- and three-band superconductors. © 2023 Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of Twisting Ratio, Diagonal Length, and Pitch Ratio of Hexagonal Pin Fins on Thermo-hydraulic Performance of Heat Sink(Toronto Metropolitan University, 2023) Gürdal, M.; Tekir, M.; Algbourie, N.I.; Pazarlioglu, H.K.; Arslan, K.While the effect of the twisting ratio on a heat sink was investigated for the first part of the study, the diagonal length and pitch ratio were observed for following step. The parametric studies were applied under turbulent regime (2658? Re?7138) to monitor thermo-hydraulic performance of novel proposed design. The edge length of the pin fins (Lef) was varied regarding their diagonal length (5? Lef ? 6) while the pitch ratio (P/e) and twisting ratio were varied in the range of 0.75? P/e?1.0 and 50?TR? 200 respectively. By using the turbulent model SST k-? with low-Re correction model on ANSYS Fluent, the computational study has been carried out to discretize RANS equations. Average Nusselt number (Nu) and average Darcy friction factor (f) which define the thermo-hydraulic performance of system were elucidated in detail. As a result, the best thermo-hydraulic performance was achieved as 1.55 by using the lowest twisting ratio (TR=200), pitch ratio (p/e=0.75) and the highest diagonal length (Lef=6) and at Re=2658. © 2023, Toronto Metropolitan University. All rights reserved.Öğe ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSPORT STRUCTURE IN BAKU AGGLOMERATION SYSTEM(Jomard Publishing, 2023) Aghayeva, N.; Mikayilova, M.; Aghamaliyeva, Y.; Salehzadeh, G.The architectural and planning analysis of the developed transport infrastructure of Baku city is studies in the paper. The characteristic directions and main drag branches, accesses and roads with reference to step-by-step development of the city are given. The historical, geographical and economic premises of formation of architectural and ecological environment of the city is analyzed. On the basis of analysis of the development history of the transport infrastructure of Absheron peninsula since 1986, the trends of transport system development in the planning structure of the capital region is investigated. Directions of alternative eco-friendly transport modes development (tramway, electrobus) as a foundation for transport problems solutions in Baku agglomeration are presented. © 2023, Jomard Publishing. All rights reserved.Öğe Designing a new data encryption algorithm using a genetic code method(Budapest Tech Polytechnical Institution, 2022) Zengin, M.; Albayrak, Z.Today, the widespread use of information and communication tools along with the developing technology has facilitated access to information. These developments have revealed the importance of data security. Many encryption algorithms have been developed to ensure secure data transfer. In this article, we have developed a new Genetic Encryption Algorithm (GEA) inspired by the DNA structure. The GEA is compared to a DES (Standard Encryption Algorithm), an AES (Advanced Encryption Algorithm) and a RSA encryption algorithm. A short evaluation is made, presenting the results, along with tables and graphs. © 2022, Budapest Tech Polytechnical Institution. All rights reserved.Öğe Covid-19 severity and urban factors: investigation and recommendations based on machine learning techniques(An-Najah National University, 2022) Qanazi, S.; Hijazi, I.; Toma, A.; Abujayyab, S.; Dehbi, Y.; Zabadae, S.; Lif, X.Since March 5, 2020, the West Bank has faced a real crisis due to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It has infected 581,678 people and caused 5,382 deaths so far, which has resulted in negative impacts on public health and other aspects of daily life. Based on the data provided by the Palestinian Ministry of Health, we inferred the spatial distribution patterns of the pandemic condition in different communities using Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis for pattern and clustering by studying the impact of urban factors on the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Ten urban factors were selected (i.e., population, population density, aging ratio, the hierarchy of services, health services, land use, commercial ser-vices, road density, green areas, and open spaces) to check their relation to pandemic severity using a linear model, where five factors showed a globally-significant relation. Then, the Geographically Weighted Regression' model (GWR) was adopted to define their unevenly dis-tributed effects in the urban areas on the northwest bank. Among the five factors, the population factor has the most significant impact on the epidemic situation with a positive correlation. However, a negative correlation has been stated between the area of commercial services per person, population density, hierarchy of services, and health services. Finally, we provide recommendations that coordinate various urban factors to mitigate the pandemic spread. This paper will help decision-makers plan and develop different areas in Palestine and worldwide by better understanding the transmission, occurrence, and diffusion of the COVID-19 pandemic in urban areas. © 2022, An-Najah National University. All rights reserved.Öğe Notes on Some Problematic Words in the Vocabulary of Central Asian Tafsir(Hacettepe University, 2022) Boltabayev, S.Among the early Islamic works, two tafsirs of the Qur'an are known. One of them is the Central Asian Tafsir, also known as Anonymous Tafsir. This tafsir, which has the characteristics of both interlinear translation and tafsir, is the first copy introduced to the scientific world among Qur'an translations and exegeses in Turkic, and has been the subject of many studies. This tafsir, which shows the characteristics of Karakhanid Turkic for the interlinear translation part, Khwarezmian Turkic for the tafsir part with the stories and explanations, and sometimes features of Chaghatai Turkic, has an exceptional place among historical Turkic sources, especially in terms of language and vocabulary. This article is based on five words in Central Asian Tafsir. First, the verb, which we think is the original form of "çawşa-", then the words "tegiz", "ançak", "awuçam", "kirmaçi" are examined, and their etymologies were made by considering their forms in different periods and works. © 2022 Hacettepe University 1. All rights reserved.Öğe QUENCHING FOR A REACTION-DIFFUSION EQUATION WITH WEAK SINGULARITIES(Isik University, 2022) Selcuk, B.Abstract. This paper studies the following reaction-diffusion equation with a weak singular boundary condition. The primary objective for this problem is to analyze the quenching properties. It is obtained that finite time quenching occurs on the left boundary, the time derivative of the solution blows up at the same time and also quenching rate estimates of the solution of the eqaution (Formula Presented) and (Formula Presented) and T is a finite time. © Isk University, Department of Mathematics, 2022; all rights reserved.Öğe Sentiment Analysis of Twitter: Turkey Earthquake 2023 Case(CEUR-WS, 2024) Rashid, A.K.; Findik, O.The most devastating earthquake in the past 20 years was February 6, 2023. The earthquake occurred in southern Turkey near the northern Syrian border. Thousands of people died and many more were left homeless, due to the magnitude of the event, it quickly spread all over the world. The earthquake and its damage were discussed and analyzed from all sides. In this paper, a separate analysis was proposed for tweets posted within 14 days after the earthquake. In this analysis to classify tweets, one type of label did not depend as in previous works that have been done on text classification, but three different types of labels (Manual label, NLTK_VADER label, and Cluster label) are created to classify text tweets by using machine learning algorithms. Then by using the Jaccard similarity coefficient and the cosine similarity measure the two AI labels (NLTK_VADER and Cluster) are compared which result is closer to manual labeling, according to the number of categories (positive, negative, and natural) and accuracy of sentiment in each label. In the result, we have reached that the accuracy of the VADER labeling is more effective than Cluster labeling because its accuracy is much closer to the Manual labeling. © 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors.Öğe Preface(Springer Nature, 2023) Ramadani, V.; Alserhan, B.; Dana, L.-P.; Zeqiri, J.; Terzi, H.; Bayirli, M.[No abstract available]Öğe PREDICTION OF PREMIXED FLAMES CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) / HYDROGEN GAS MIXTURES(Taylor's University, 2023) Ghazal, R.M.; Akroot, A.; Wahhab, H.A.A.The laminar burning velocities of liquid petroleum gas (LPG)-hydrogen-air mixtures are emphasized. They play a crucial role in designing and predicting combustion progress and the performance of combustion systems that utilize hydrogen as fuel. This work uses laminar burning velocities of different compositions of Iraqi LPG-hydrogen-air mixtures (4 and 10 vol.%). The measurements have been taken at ambient temperature and pressure for various equivalence ratios (? = 0.21 to 1.23). A counter combustor with a symmetrical premixed flame is suggested to enhance stability efficiency and temperature distribution and improve heat transfer with hydrogen gas addition at different percentages. The results have been demonstrated by an increase in the hydrogen concentration within hydrogen-LPG mixtures (0, 4, and 10%vol. of hydrogen) leads to a significant increase in both flame temperature (1070, 1100, and 1154 K) and burning velocities (26.7, 33 and 49.5 cm/s) respectively. Adding hydrogen to LPG makes it an excellent substitute for hydrocarbon fuels since it provides a stable flame and a large explosive area. © 2023 Taylor's University. All rights reserved.
