Uçucu kül ve karbon nanotüp takviyeli yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen matrisli hibrit kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Karabük Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, uçucu kül ve karbon nanotüp miktarının yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen matrisli kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma iki aşamada tamamlanmıştır. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında; yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen matris malzemesine ağırlıkça %0,5, %1, %2, %3, %4 ve %5 olmak üzere 6 farklı oranda uçucu kül ilave edilerek, tek vidalı ekstrüder ile kompozitler üretilmiştir. Ekstrüzyon işlemi sonrası üretilen bu kompozit fiberler kırıcı yardımıyla kırılarak granül kompozitler elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra granül kompozitler 240°C sıcaklıkta enjeksiyon cihazı yardımıyla, ASTM D638 standartlarında her parametre için 15 adet çekme numunesi basılmıştır. Üretilen bu numunelerden her parameter için 5 adet ASTM D790 standartlarında eğme numunesi kesilmiştir. Üretilen kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla numunelerin çekme ve eğme testleri yapılmıştır. Mikro yapı incelemeleri için taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM)
kullanılmıştır. Kompozitlerinin yapısında oluşan fazları belirlemek için XRD incelemeleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında ise hibrit kompozit üretmek amacıyla ilk aşamada belirlenen oranlarda uçucu kül ilavesinin yanı sıra %0,5 oranında karbon nanotüp ilave edilerek ilk aşamada belirlenen üretim parametreleri ve yöntemleri ile hibrit kompozitler üretilerek, karbon nanotüp ilavesinin mekanik özelliklere ve mikroyapıya etkisi irdelenmiştir. Yapılan eğme testi sonuçlarında, en yüksek eğilme direncine sahip olan oranın 48,14 N/mm2 ile %5 uçucu kül ve %0,5 KNT takviyeli kompozit olduğu, saf YYPE’ye göre eğilme direncinin %34 oranında artış gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Yapılan çekme testi sonuçlarında ise, en yüksek çekme mukavemetine sahip olan oranın 27,5 N/mm2 ile %3 uçucu kül ve %0,5 KNT takviyeli kompozit olduğu, saf YYPE’ye göre çekme mukavemetinin %7 oranında artış gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Yapılan SEM incelemeleri sonucunda uçucu kül ve KNT takviyeleri, matris içerisinde çok düzgün olmasa da nispeten homojen olacak şekilde dağılımı sağlanmıştır.
In this study, the effect of fly ash and carbon nanotube amounts on the mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene matrix composites was investigated. This study was completed in two stages. In the first stage of the study; 6 different by weight amount of fly ash were added to the high-density polyethylene matrix material as 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% by weight and the composites were produced with a single screw extruder. After the extrusion process, these composite fibers were broken with the help of a crusher and granular composites were obtained. Then, 15 tensile samples were injected for each parameter in ASTM D638 standards with the help of an injection device at 240°C. Then, 5 bending samples were cut from these produced samples for each parameter in ASTM D790 standards. Tensile and bending tests were performed on the samples in order to determine the mechanical properties of the produced composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for microstructure examinations. XRD examinations were performed to determine the phases formed in the structure of the composites. In the second stage of the study, in order to produce hybrid composites, in addition to the fly ash addition determined in the first stage, 0.5% carbon nanotube by weight was added and hybrid composites were produced with the production parameters and methods determined in the first stage, and the effect of carbon nanotube addition on mechanical properties and microstructure was examined. In the bending test results, it was observed that the ratio with the highest bending strength was 48.14 N/mm2 with 5% fly ash and 0.5% CNT reinforced composite, and the bending strength increased by 34% compared to pure HDPE. In the tensile test results, it was observed that the ratio with the highest tensile strength was 27.5 N/mm2 with 3% fly ash and 0.5% CNT reinforced composite, and the tensile strength increased by 7% compared to pure HDPE. As a result of the SEM examinations, the fly ash and CNT reinforcements were distributed relatively homogeneously, although not very smoothly, in the matrix.
In this study, the effect of fly ash and carbon nanotube amounts on the mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene matrix composites was investigated. This study was completed in two stages. In the first stage of the study; 6 different by weight amount of fly ash were added to the high-density polyethylene matrix material as 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% by weight and the composites were produced with a single screw extruder. After the extrusion process, these composite fibers were broken with the help of a crusher and granular composites were obtained. Then, 15 tensile samples were injected for each parameter in ASTM D638 standards with the help of an injection device at 240°C. Then, 5 bending samples were cut from these produced samples for each parameter in ASTM D790 standards. Tensile and bending tests were performed on the samples in order to determine the mechanical properties of the produced composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for microstructure examinations. XRD examinations were performed to determine the phases formed in the structure of the composites. In the second stage of the study, in order to produce hybrid composites, in addition to the fly ash addition determined in the first stage, 0.5% carbon nanotube by weight was added and hybrid composites were produced with the production parameters and methods determined in the first stage, and the effect of carbon nanotube addition on mechanical properties and microstructure was examined. In the bending test results, it was observed that the ratio with the highest bending strength was 48.14 N/mm2 with 5% fly ash and 0.5% CNT reinforced composite, and the bending strength increased by 34% compared to pure HDPE. In the tensile test results, it was observed that the ratio with the highest tensile strength was 27.5 N/mm2 with 3% fly ash and 0.5% CNT reinforced composite, and the tensile strength increased by 7% compared to pure HDPE. As a result of the SEM examinations, the fly ash and CNT reinforcements were distributed relatively homogeneously, although not very smoothly, in the matrix.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hibrit kompozit, Uçucu kül, Karbon nanotüp, Yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen, Polimer matrisli kompozit, Hybrid composite, Fly ash, Carbon nanotube, High density polyethylene, Polymer matrix composite
