TOTALİTER SİSTEM VE STALİN DÖNEMİNİN BASKI POLİTİKALARI
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2022-07-01
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Özet
Baskıcı bir sistemi ifade eden totalitarizm, Sovyetler Birliği ile bütünleşmiş bir kavram olmuştur. 1917 yılında Sovyet Rusya, sol totaliter rejim olarak adlandırılan sosyalizm ile şekillenmiş ve yaklaşık yetmiş yıl sosyalizm çatısı altında yönetilmiştir. 1917’de Lenin önderliğinde yönetimi ele geçiren Bolşevikler ilk başta herkesin eşit şartlarda yaşayacağı bir Rusya vadetmiştir. Fakat bu vaat sadece sözde kalmıştır; keza parti hegemonyası güçlenmiş, toplumsal yaşamın tüm alanları devletleştirilmiştir. Diğer yandan Lenin’in ekonomi alanında uygulamış olduğu Savaş Komünizmi ve NEP gibi uygulamalar da zaten kötü şartlarda olan Rusya’yı içinde bulunduğu bataklıktan kurtaramamıştır. Ufak iyileşmeler sağlanmış olsa da Rusya’nın durumu tam olarak düzelmemiştir. Lenin’in ölümü ile kanlı bir iktidar yarışı başlamıştır. Belki de en kuytu isimlerden biri olan Stalin, yürütmüş olduğu strateji ile parti içerisinde güç kazanmaya başlamış ve çevresinde bulunan muhalifleri birer birer ortadan kaldırmayı böylece gücün tek sahibi olmayı hedeflemiştir. Büyük Temizlik adını verdiğimiz hareket ile muhalif kesimi ortadan kaldıran Stalin, adım adım kendi kültünü oluşturmuş ve Sovyetler Birliği’nde yeni bir tek adam dönemini başlatmıştır. Lenin’den daha katı bir şekilde totalitarizmi işleyen Stalin, acımasız bir şekilde milyonlarca insanı hapse atmış, sürgün etmiş ya da öldürtmüştür. Yargısız infazlar, sürgünler ve ölümlerle dolu Stalin dönemi, tarihin en kanlı sayfalarından biri olarak bilinmektedir. Bugün Stalinizm tarihin belleğinde en karanlık ve baskıcı bir dönem olarak yer almaktadır. ?
Expressing an oppressive system, Totalitarianism became a concept integrated with the Soviet Union. in 1917, Soviet Russia was shaped by socialism, which is called the left totalitarian regime, and was ruled under the umbrella of communism for about seventy years. The Bolsheviks, who seized power under the leadership of Lenin in 1917, promised a Russia where everyone would live on equal terms. But this promise remained only in words; Likewise, party hegemony has been strengthened and all areas of social life have been nationalized. On the other hand, practices such as War Communism and NEP implemented by Lenin in the field of economy could not save Russia, which was already in bad conditions, from the swamp it was in. Although minor improvements have been made, the situation in Russia has not improved completely. With the death of Lenin, a bloody power race began. Perhaps one of the most secluded names, Stalin started to gain power within the party with the strategy he carried out and aimed to eliminate the opponents around him one by one, thus becoming the sole owner of power. Eliminating the opposition with the movement we call the great purge, Stalin gradually formed his own cult and started a new one-man era in the Soviet Union. Stalin, who committed totalitarianism more strictly than Lenin, brutally imprisoned, exiled or had millions of people killed. The Stalin era, full of extrajudicial executions, exiles and deaths, is known as one of the bloodiest pages in history. Today, Stalinism stands in the memory of history as the darkest and most oppressive period."
Expressing an oppressive system, Totalitarianism became a concept integrated with the Soviet Union. in 1917, Soviet Russia was shaped by socialism, which is called the left totalitarian regime, and was ruled under the umbrella of communism for about seventy years. The Bolsheviks, who seized power under the leadership of Lenin in 1917, promised a Russia where everyone would live on equal terms. But this promise remained only in words; Likewise, party hegemony has been strengthened and all areas of social life have been nationalized. On the other hand, practices such as War Communism and NEP implemented by Lenin in the field of economy could not save Russia, which was already in bad conditions, from the swamp it was in. Although minor improvements have been made, the situation in Russia has not improved completely. With the death of Lenin, a bloody power race began. Perhaps one of the most secluded names, Stalin started to gain power within the party with the strategy he carried out and aimed to eliminate the opponents around him one by one, thus becoming the sole owner of power. Eliminating the opposition with the movement we call the great purge, Stalin gradually formed his own cult and started a new one-man era in the Soviet Union. Stalin, who committed totalitarianism more strictly than Lenin, brutally imprisoned, exiled or had millions of people killed. The Stalin era, full of extrajudicial executions, exiles and deaths, is known as one of the bloodiest pages in history. Today, Stalinism stands in the memory of history as the darkest and most oppressive period."
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Anahtar Kelimeler
Totalitarizm, Stalin, Büyük Temizlik, Gulag, Komünizm, Totalitarianism, Stalin, Great Cleaning, Gulag, Communism
