3D YAZICILAR İÇİN AHŞAP BİYO-KOMPOZİT FİLAMENT ÜRETİMİ VE BAZI ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
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2022-01
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, 3D, FDM (fused deposition modelling) yazıcılar için ahşap katkılı biyo filamentler üretilmiştir. PLA (polilaktik asit) ve biyo TPU (termoplastik poliüretan) matris olarak kullanılmış, lignin (L) ve arboform (ARB) ağırlıkça %10 oranında matrislere eklenmiştir. Ligninin toz formda olması sebebiyle ve daha homojen bir karışım elde edebilmek amacıyla PLA ve biyo TPU’nun bir kısmı öğütülerek toz hale getirilmiştir. ARB karışımları için granül formda polimerler kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen fiziki karışımlar eriyik karıştırma işlemi için çift vidalı ekstrüder de çekilmiş ve granül hale getirilmişlerdir. Sonrasında elde edilen biyo-kompozitlerin bir kısmı tek vidalı ekstruderde 1,75mm çapında filamentler haline getirilmiş, bir kısmı da enjeksiyon kalıplama ile numune üretiminde kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen biyo-kompozitelerin, ve 3D yazdırılmış örneklerin yoğunluk, su alma ve boyutsal stabilizasyon, yazdırma doğruluğu, çekme dayanımı, termal özellikleri (DSC, TGA/DTA), SEM görüntüleri ve biyobozunma özellikleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca yazdırma parametrelerinin çekme direnci üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla, iki farklı sıcaklık parametresi ve 2 farklı yazdırma hızı kullanılarak örnekler yazdırılmış ve sonuçları incelenmiştir. Yapılan testler sonucunda, L ve ARB katkılarının saf PLA ve TPU ya kıyasla termal bozunma sıcaklıklarını düşürdüğü, L katkısının PLA matrisinin erime sıcaklığını az da olsa düşürdüğü, ARB katkısının ise artırdığı, hem enjeksiyon prosesinden elde edilen örneklerde, hem de yazdırılmış örneklerde L ve ARB katkılarının mekanik özelliklerde düşüşe sebep oldukları belirlenmiştir. Özellikle L katkısının TPU matrisli örneklerde zayıf TPU-L ara yüz bağından dolayı ciddi oranda değerleri düşürdüğü tespit edilmiştir. Yazdırma parametrelerinin mekanik özellikler üzerine etkileri değerlendirildiğinde, her iki matriste de en yüksek mekanik değerlerin düşük yazdırma hızı ve düşük yazdırma sıcaklıklarında elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. SEM mikrograflarında PLA matrisli örneklerde hem katmanlar arası yapışmanın hem de dolgu geometrisi ile perimeter arası yapışmanın verimli şekilde gerçekleştiği; TPU matrisli örneklerde ise özellikle TPU-L örneklerin yazdırılmış örneklerinde katmanlar arası yapışmanın zayıf olduğu, ancak doldurma geometrisi ile perimeter arası yapışmanın verimli gerçekleştiği görülmüştür. Hem PLA, hem de TPU matrisli örneklerde yazdırılmış örneklerin özelliklerinin, enjeksiyon kalıplama ile üretilen örneklerle kıyaslanabilir olduğu görülmüştür.
In this study, wood-based bio-filaments were produced for 3D, FDM (fusion deposition modeling) printers. PLA (polylactic acid) and bio TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) were used as matrices, lignin (L) and arboform (ARB) were added to the matrices at a rate of 10% by weight. Because lignin is in powder form and in order to obtain a more homogeneous mixture, some of PLA and bio TPU were ground into powder. Polymers in granular form were used for ARB mixtures. The resulting physical mixtures were extruded and granulated in a twin screw extruder for the melt mixing process. Afterwards, some of the obtained bio-composites were turned into filaments with a diameter of -1.75 mm in a single screw extruder, and some were used in injection molding processes. Density, water absorption and dimensional stabilization, printing accuracy, tensile strength, thermal properties (DSC and TGA/DTA), SEM analyzes and biodegradation properties of the obtained biocomposites and 3D printed samples were investigated. In addition, in order to examine the effect of printing parameters on tensile strength, samples were printed using two different temperature parameters and 2 different fill rates and the results were examined. As a result of the tests, it was found that L and ARB additives decreased the thermal degradation temperatures compared to pure PLA and TPU. L additive slightly decreased the melting temperature of the PLA matrix, and ARB additive increased, both in the samples obtained from the injection process and in the printed samples. It was observed that they caused a decrease in mechanical properties, especially the L additive significantly reduced the values in TPU matrix samples due to the weak TPU-L interface bond. It was seen that the highest mechanical values were obtained at low printing speed and low printing temperatures in both matrices. In the SEM micrographs, it was observed that both interlayer adhesion and interlayer adhesion between the filler geometry and the perimeter were realized efficiently in PLA matrix samples. The interlayer adhesion was weak especially in the printed samples of the TPU-L samples, but the adhesion between the filling geometry and the perimeter was efficient. Properties of the printed samples in both PLA and TPU matrices samples were found to be comparable to injection molded samples."
In this study, wood-based bio-filaments were produced for 3D, FDM (fusion deposition modeling) printers. PLA (polylactic acid) and bio TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) were used as matrices, lignin (L) and arboform (ARB) were added to the matrices at a rate of 10% by weight. Because lignin is in powder form and in order to obtain a more homogeneous mixture, some of PLA and bio TPU were ground into powder. Polymers in granular form were used for ARB mixtures. The resulting physical mixtures were extruded and granulated in a twin screw extruder for the melt mixing process. Afterwards, some of the obtained bio-composites were turned into filaments with a diameter of -1.75 mm in a single screw extruder, and some were used in injection molding processes. Density, water absorption and dimensional stabilization, printing accuracy, tensile strength, thermal properties (DSC and TGA/DTA), SEM analyzes and biodegradation properties of the obtained biocomposites and 3D printed samples were investigated. In addition, in order to examine the effect of printing parameters on tensile strength, samples were printed using two different temperature parameters and 2 different fill rates and the results were examined. As a result of the tests, it was found that L and ARB additives decreased the thermal degradation temperatures compared to pure PLA and TPU. L additive slightly decreased the melting temperature of the PLA matrix, and ARB additive increased, both in the samples obtained from the injection process and in the printed samples. It was observed that they caused a decrease in mechanical properties, especially the L additive significantly reduced the values in TPU matrix samples due to the weak TPU-L interface bond. It was seen that the highest mechanical values were obtained at low printing speed and low printing temperatures in both matrices. In the SEM micrographs, it was observed that both interlayer adhesion and interlayer adhesion between the filler geometry and the perimeter were realized efficiently in PLA matrix samples. The interlayer adhesion was weak especially in the printed samples of the TPU-L samples, but the adhesion between the filling geometry and the perimeter was efficient. Properties of the printed samples in both PLA and TPU matrices samples were found to be comparable to injection molded samples."
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
PLA, biyo TPU, TPU, ahşap filament, FDM ahşap filament, yazdırma parametreleri, termal analizler, biyo-kompozitler, lignin, arboform, PLA, biyo TPU, TPU, lignin, arboform, wooden filament, printing parameters, thermal analyses, biyo-composites
