PARABOLİK OLUKLU FOTOVOLTAİK TERMAL KOLEKTÖRÜN (PV/T) İKLİMLENDİRME SİSTEMİNE UYGULANMASI
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2022-06
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu tez çalışmasında, Karabük Üniversitesi yerleşkesi içerisinde 54 m3 hacme sahip, deneyler için yapılmış bir mahalin iklimlendirilmesinde yaz ve kış şartları için sistem tasarlanmış ve kurulmuştur. Sistemlerde kullanılan yoğunlaştırıcılı fotovoltaik/termal kolektörlerden (CPV/T) elde edilen elektrik enerjisi sistem ekipmanlarının çalıştırılmasında, ısı enerjisi (termal enerji) de kış uygulamasında mahal ısıtılmasında kullanılmıştır. Yaz uygulamasında ise mahalin soğutulması için doğal kaynak (kuyu suyu) kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan kuyu suyunun temininde enerji olarak CPV/T’lerden yararlanılmıştır. Aynı zaman da mahalde soğutma işlemi gören su CPV/T’lerin soğutulması amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Kış uygulaması nisan ve mayıs aylarında 0.4, 0.5 ve 0.6 m3/sa debileri için %10 mono Propilen Glikol (PG)/%90 su ve hacimce %0.5’lik Al2O3/su nanoakışkanı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Odanın ısıtılmasında kullanılan fan-coil hava çıkış sıcaklığı invertör ve proses kontrol cihazı ile 35 ºC’ye ayarlanmıştır. Ortalama yoğunlaştırılmış güneş ışınımının 1056 W/m2 olduğu ve dış hava sıcaklığının en düşük 8 ºC en yüksek 26 ºC arasında değiştiği durumlarda ortalama fan-coil hava çıkış sıcaklığı 33 ºC ve oda sıcaklığı ortalama 24.6 ºC olarak ölçülmüştür. Elektriksel enerji kazanımı en yüksek PG/su karışımı için 0.6 m3/sa debide 268 W, nanoakışkan için 0.5 m3/sa debide 194 W olarak hesaplanmıştır. Farklı akışkanların kullanıldığı sistem için toplam termal enerji verimi yaklaşık %22 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sistemin toplam termal enerji kazanımı PG/su karışımı için 0.6 m3/sa debide 2312 W nanoakışkan için ise 0.5 m3/sa debide 2041 W olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sistemden elde edilen toplam ekserji çıkışı PG/su karışımı için ortalama 380.6 W, Al2O3/su nanoakışkanı için 315.4 W olmuştur. Sistemin bu ekserji çıkış değerlerinde her iki akışkan içinde ekserji verimi ortalama %7 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yaz uygulamasında deneyler temmuz ayında farklı günlerde 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4 m3/sa sabit fan-coil kuyu suyu debilerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneyler süresince odanın soğutulmasında kullanılan fan-coil hava çıkış sıcaklığı invertör ve proses kontrol cihazı ile 20 ºC’ye ayarlanmıştır. Ortalama ışınımın 766 W/m2, ortalama yoğunlaştırılmış ışınımın 1101 W/m2, ortalama kuyu suyu sıcaklığının 16 ºC olduğu ve dış ortam sıcaklığının en düşük 23 ºC en yüksek 33 ºC arasında değiştiği durumlarda ortalama fan-coil hava çıkış sıcaklığı 18 ºC, ortalama oda sıcaklığı 23 ºC ve ortalama CPV/T kolektör çıkış suyu sıcaklığı 24 ºC olarak ölçülmüştür. Sistemden elde edilen ortalama toplam termal enerji kazanımı 636.7 W olarak bulunmuş ve bu güç değerinde ortalama termal enerji verimi %12.4 olarak hesaplanmıştır. CPV/T kolektörlerden elde edilen en yüksek elektriksel güç 0.4 m3/sa debide 206.2 W olarak ölçülmüştür. Farklı gün ve debilerde gerçekleştirilen deneylerde sistemden elde edilen ortalama toplam ekserji çıkışı 353.2 W olarak bulunmuş ve ortalama ekserji verimi %7.3 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
In this thesis, a machinery system with a volume of 54 m3 were designed and installed for testing the climatization of a local area in the region of the Karabük University campus. The electrical energy obtained from the concentrated photovoltaic/thermal collectors (CPV/T) was used to operate the system equipment, and the heat energy (thermal energy) was used for local heating purposes as the winter application. In the summer application, natural spring (well water) was used to cool the room. Well water was brought to the surface by gain energy of CPV/T collectors, therewithal to cool the CPV/T. Winter application in April and May was carried out by using 10% mono Propylene Glycol (PG)/90% water and 0.5% Al2O3/water nanofluid for 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 m3/h flow rates. The fan-coil air outlet temperature used in the heating of the room is adjusted to 35 ºC by means of inverter and process control device. When the average concentrated solar radiation is 1056 W/m2 and the outdoor temperature changes in the range between the lowest 8 ºC and the highest 26 ºC, the average fan-coil air outlet temperature is measured as 33 ºC and the room temperature is measured as 24.6 ºC. The highest electrical energy gain was calculated as 268 W at 0.6 m3/h flow rate for the PG/water mixture and 194 W at 0.5 m3/h flow rate for the nanofluid. The total thermal energy efficiency has been determined as approximately 22% for the system in which different fluids are used. It was calculated as 2312 W at a flow rate of 0.6 m3/h for the PG/water mixture and 2041 W at a flow rate of 0.5 m3/h for the nanofluid. The total exergy output on average obtained from the system was 380.6 W for the PG/water mixture and 315.4 W for the Al2O3/water nanofluid. The average exergy efficiency at these exergy output values for both fluids were calculated as 7%. The experiments, in the summer application, were carried out at constant fan-coil well water flow rates of 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4 m3/h on different days in July. During the experiments, the fan-coil air outlet temperature used in the cooling of the room was adjusted to 20 ºC with an inverter and process control device. In cases where the average irradiance is 766 W/m2, the average concentrated radiation is 1101 W/m2, the average well water temperature is 16 ºC and the outdoor temperature varies in the range between the lowest 23 ºC and the highest 33 ºC. The average fan-coil air outlet temperature was 18 ºC, the average room temperature was 23 ºC and average CPV/T collector outlet water temperature was measured as 24 ºC. The average total thermal energy gain from the system was determined as 636.7 W, and the average thermal energy efficiency at this power value was calculated as 12.4%. The highest electrical power obtained from CPV/T collectors was measured as 206.2 W at a flow rate of 0.4 m3/h. The average total exergy output obtained from the system was obtained as 353.2 W and the average exergy efficiency was calculated as 7.3% in the experiments at different days and at different flow rates."
In this thesis, a machinery system with a volume of 54 m3 were designed and installed for testing the climatization of a local area in the region of the Karabük University campus. The electrical energy obtained from the concentrated photovoltaic/thermal collectors (CPV/T) was used to operate the system equipment, and the heat energy (thermal energy) was used for local heating purposes as the winter application. In the summer application, natural spring (well water) was used to cool the room. Well water was brought to the surface by gain energy of CPV/T collectors, therewithal to cool the CPV/T. Winter application in April and May was carried out by using 10% mono Propylene Glycol (PG)/90% water and 0.5% Al2O3/water nanofluid for 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 m3/h flow rates. The fan-coil air outlet temperature used in the heating of the room is adjusted to 35 ºC by means of inverter and process control device. When the average concentrated solar radiation is 1056 W/m2 and the outdoor temperature changes in the range between the lowest 8 ºC and the highest 26 ºC, the average fan-coil air outlet temperature is measured as 33 ºC and the room temperature is measured as 24.6 ºC. The highest electrical energy gain was calculated as 268 W at 0.6 m3/h flow rate for the PG/water mixture and 194 W at 0.5 m3/h flow rate for the nanofluid. The total thermal energy efficiency has been determined as approximately 22% for the system in which different fluids are used. It was calculated as 2312 W at a flow rate of 0.6 m3/h for the PG/water mixture and 2041 W at a flow rate of 0.5 m3/h for the nanofluid. The total exergy output on average obtained from the system was 380.6 W for the PG/water mixture and 315.4 W for the Al2O3/water nanofluid. The average exergy efficiency at these exergy output values for both fluids were calculated as 7%. The experiments, in the summer application, were carried out at constant fan-coil well water flow rates of 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4 m3/h on different days in July. During the experiments, the fan-coil air outlet temperature used in the cooling of the room was adjusted to 20 ºC with an inverter and process control device. In cases where the average irradiance is 766 W/m2, the average concentrated radiation is 1101 W/m2, the average well water temperature is 16 ºC and the outdoor temperature varies in the range between the lowest 23 ºC and the highest 33 ºC. The average fan-coil air outlet temperature was 18 ºC, the average room temperature was 23 ºC and average CPV/T collector outlet water temperature was measured as 24 ºC. The average total thermal energy gain from the system was determined as 636.7 W, and the average thermal energy efficiency at this power value was calculated as 12.4%. The highest electrical power obtained from CPV/T collectors was measured as 206.2 W at a flow rate of 0.4 m3/h. The average total exergy output obtained from the system was obtained as 353.2 W and the average exergy efficiency was calculated as 7.3% in the experiments at different days and at different flow rates."
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Güneş enerjisi, Yoğunlaştırıcılı fotovoltaik/termal (CPV/T), Klima, Enerji analizi, Ekserji analizi., Solar energy, Concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPV/T), Air conditioning, Energy analysis, Exergy analysis.
