Effect of Supporting Background Electrolytes on the Nanostructure Morphologies and Electrochemical Behaviors of Electrodeposited Gold Nanoparticles on Glassy Carbon Electrode Surfaces

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dc.authoridAbdul Razak, Khairunisak/0000-0003-0140-2418
dc.authoridSonmez, Turgut/0000-0002-3927-2551
dc.authoridHamzah, Hairul Hisham/0000-0002-8296-1360
dc.contributor.authorZakaria, Nor Dyana
dc.contributor.authorOmar, Muhamad Huzaifah
dc.contributor.authorKamal, Najahtul Najihah Ahmad
dc.contributor.authorRazak, Khairunisak Abdul
dc.contributor.authorSoenmez, Turgut
dc.contributor.authorBalakrishnan, Venugopal
dc.contributor.authorHamzah, Hairul Hisham
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-29T16:01:00Z
dc.date.available2024-09-29T16:01:00Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.departmentKarabük Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractElectrodeposition is an electrochemical method employed to deposit stable and robust gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on electrode surfaces for creating chemically modified electrodes (CMEs). The use of several electrodeposition techniques with different experimental parameters allow in obtaining various surface morphologies of AuNPs deposited on the electrode surface. By considering the electrodeposition of AuNPs in various background electrolytes could play an important strategy in finding the most suitable formation of the electrodeposited AuNP films on the electrode surface. This is because different electrode roughnesses can have different effects on the electrochemical activities of the modified electrodes. Thus, in this study, the electrodeposition of AuNPs onto the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surfaces in various aqueous neutral and acidic electrolytes was achieved by using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique with no adjustable CV parameters. Then, surface morphologies and electrochemical activities of the electrodeposited AuNPs were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), CV, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The obtained SEM and 3D-AFM images show that AuNPs deposited at the GC electrode prepared in NaNO3 solution form a significantly better, uniform, and homogeneous electrodeposited AuNP film on the GC electrode surface with nanoparticle sizes ranging from similar to 36 to 60 nm. Meanwhile, from the electrochemical performances of the AuNP-modified GC electrodes, characterized by using a mixture of ferricyanide and ferrocyanide ions [Fe(CN6)(3-/4-)], there is no significant difference observed in the case of charge-transfer resistances (R-ct) and heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants (k(o)), although there are differences in the surface morphologies of the electrodeposited AuNP films. Remarkably, the R-ct values of the AuNP-modified GC electrodes are lower than those of the bare GC electrode by 18-fold, as the R(ct )values were found to be similar to 6 Omega (p < 0.001, n = 3). This has resulted in obtaining k(o) values of AuNP-modified GC electrodes between the magnitude of 10(-2) and 10(-3) cm s(-1), giving a faster electron-transfer rate than that of the bare GC electrode (10(-4) cm s(-1)). This study confirms that using an appropriate supporting background electrolyte plays a critical role in preparing electrodeposited AuNP films. This approach could lead to nanostructures with a more densely, uniformly, and homogeneously electrodeposited AuNP film on the electrode surfaces, albeit utilizing an easy and simple preparation method.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversiti Sains Malaysia (USM) [304/CIPPM/6315316]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) under the Short-Term Research grant (304/CIPPM/6315316).en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acsomega.1c02670
dc.identifier.endpage24431en_US
dc.identifier.issn2470-1343
dc.identifier.issue38en_US
dc.identifier.pmid34604624en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85114691327en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage24419en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c02670
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14619/5479
dc.identifier.volume6en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000703535900012en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAmer Chemical Socen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAcs Omegaen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectKineticsen_US
dc.subjectGuideen_US
dc.subjectFilmen_US
dc.titleEffect of Supporting Background Electrolytes on the Nanostructure Morphologies and Electrochemical Behaviors of Electrodeposited Gold Nanoparticles on Glassy Carbon Electrode Surfacesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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