Dijital hidrolik valf kontrol sistemi kullanılarak bir hidrolik silindirin konum ve hız kontrolü
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Karabük Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada son yıllarda geliştirilen bobin kontrollü dijital hidrolik valflerin servo motor ile kontrol edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda bir yön valfi tasarlanmış, üretilmiş ve deneyleri yapılmıştır. Öncelikle numune olarak elle kumandalı iki yollu iki kademeli (aç-kapa) sürgülü bir valf tasarlanmış ve üretilmiştir. Üretilen numune valf akışkan kaçakları sebebi ile başarısız olmuştur. Sürgü toleransları hassas olarak işlenememiş ve hassas tolerans işleminin zorluğu görülerek popet tipi bir valf tasarlanmıştır. Sürgülü valflerde sürgü bir yuva içindedir ve sürgü ile yuva arasındaki tolerans boşluğu büyük önem arz etmekte, basınçlı akışkan tolerans boşluğundan kolaylıkla kaçabilmektedir. Popet valfler ise bir yuvaya basınçlı akışkan yardımı ile kuvvet ile basmakta, tolerans boşluğu hiç olmadığı için de bu sayede akışkan kaçakları minimuma indirilerek daha başarılı bir valf üretilmiştir. Üretilen popet tipi dijital hidrolik valf 32 adet popet valf ve bu popetleri hareket ettiren 32 adet kam ve iki adet servo motordan oluşmaktadır. Servo motorlar bir PLC yardımı ile kontrol edilmekte ve valf çift etkili bir hidrolik silindiri kontrol etmektedir. Valflere ait akış katsayıları debimetre yardımı ile basınç grafikleri ise basınç sensörleri ile ölçülmüştür. Literatürde, dijital hidrolik valflerin başarılarının ölçülmesi için maksimum hata hıza bölünerek performans indeksi değerleri oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmada beşinci dereceden polinomlar yöntemiyle oluşturulan hız ve konum referansları kullanılarak deneyler yapılmış ve 5,1 milisaniye performans indeksi bulunarak önceki çalışmalardan elde edilen 5,3 milisaniye sonucuna yakın bir değer teyit edilmiştir. Literatürdeki bobin kontrollü dijital hidrolik valfler yüksek maliyetler ile elde edilebilmektedir. Deneyleri yapılan dijital hidrolik valf, servo motor ve PLC yardımı kontrol edilmek üzere daha düşük maliyetlerde üretilmiş ve çalıştırılmıştır.
In this study, it is aimed to control with servo motors which recently developed coil-controlled digital hydraulic valves. In this context, a directional valve was designed, manufactured, and tested. First of all, a manually operated two-way two-stage (on-off) sliding spool valve was designed and produced as a sample. The produced sample valve failed due to fluid leaks. The sliding spool tolerances could not be machined precisely, and a poppet type valve was designed considering the difficulty of precision tolerance. Spool operated valves contains the sliding spool in a slot, and the tolerance gap between the spool and the wall of the slot is of great importance, the pressurized fluid can easily leak from the tolerance gap. Poppet valves, on the other hand, press with force with the help of pressurized fluid, and since there is no tolerance gap, a more successful valve is produced by minimizing fluid leaks. The produced poppet type digital hydraulic valve consists of 32 poppet valves, 32 cams, and two servo motors that move these poppets. Servo motors are controlled with a PLC and the valve controls a double acting hydraulic cylinder. The flow coefficients of the valves were found with a flow meter and pressure graphs were measured with pressure sensors. In the literature, performance index values were created by dividing the maximum error by the speed to measure the success of digital hydraulic valves. In this study, experiments were carried out with using velocity and position references created with the method of fifth-order polynomials, and a performance index of 5.1 milliseconds was found, a value close to the 5.3 millisecond result obtained from previous studies. Coil-controlled digital hydraulic valves in the literature cost too much. Tested digital hydraulic valve, servo motor and PLC were produced and operated at lower costs to be controlled.
In this study, it is aimed to control with servo motors which recently developed coil-controlled digital hydraulic valves. In this context, a directional valve was designed, manufactured, and tested. First of all, a manually operated two-way two-stage (on-off) sliding spool valve was designed and produced as a sample. The produced sample valve failed due to fluid leaks. The sliding spool tolerances could not be machined precisely, and a poppet type valve was designed considering the difficulty of precision tolerance. Spool operated valves contains the sliding spool in a slot, and the tolerance gap between the spool and the wall of the slot is of great importance, the pressurized fluid can easily leak from the tolerance gap. Poppet valves, on the other hand, press with force with the help of pressurized fluid, and since there is no tolerance gap, a more successful valve is produced by minimizing fluid leaks. The produced poppet type digital hydraulic valve consists of 32 poppet valves, 32 cams, and two servo motors that move these poppets. Servo motors are controlled with a PLC and the valve controls a double acting hydraulic cylinder. The flow coefficients of the valves were found with a flow meter and pressure graphs were measured with pressure sensors. In the literature, performance index values were created by dividing the maximum error by the speed to measure the success of digital hydraulic valves. In this study, experiments were carried out with using velocity and position references created with the method of fifth-order polynomials, and a performance index of 5.1 milliseconds was found, a value close to the 5.3 millisecond result obtained from previous studies. Coil-controlled digital hydraulic valves in the literature cost too much. Tested digital hydraulic valve, servo motor and PLC were produced and operated at lower costs to be controlled.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Makine Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
