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Öğe Öğe Bond Strength-Disbonding Behavior and Dimensional Stability of Walnut and Poplar Impregnated with Some Chemicals and Bonded with PVAc, VTKA and Urea Formaldehyde(Brill Academic Publishers, 2011) Kol, Hamiyet Sahin; Kurt, Seref; Uysal, BurhanettinThe aim of this study, is to describe the effects of adhesives (PVAc-Desmodur VTKA and Urea formaldehyde) on wooden materials (walnut and poplar) cut tangentially and radially impregnated with Protim Solignum, CCA and Celcure AC 500 and exposed to: humid-water-heat resistance; heating; and cooling tests. All these tests show a decreased in bonding strength. The conclusion is that poplar wood cut tangentially and impregnated with CCA, bonded with D-VTKA adhesive can be used as a material in damp conditions where good bond strength is required. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2011Öğe Bond Strength/Disbonding Behavior and Dimensional Stability of Wood Materials with Different Adhesives(John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2010) Kurt, Seref; Uysal, BurhanettinIn this study, we aimed to describe the effects of adhesives [poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), Desmodur vinyl trie ketonol acetate, and urea formaldehyde (UF)] on wooden materials (Scotch pine and oriental beech) cut tangentially and radially impregnated with Protim Solignum, chromate copper arsenate (CCA), and Celcure AC 500 and exposed to humidity and water and heat-resistance, heating, and cooling tests. For the adhesives, the highest swelling (4.3%) was obtained for oriental beech bonded with UF and cut radially, and the lowest swelling (1%) was obtained for Scotch pine bonded with PVAc and cut radially. For the control samples, the humidity-resistance, water-resistance, heat-resistance, and heating and cooling tests decreased the bonding strength. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 115:438-450, 2010Öğe Bonding strength of oak with different adhesives after humid-water-heat tests(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Yorur, Huseyin; Kurt, Seref; Uysal, BurhanettinComposite materials manufactured from wood with different adhesives are being used increasingly in the construction of furniture frames and buildings. In this study, it is aimed to describe the effects of adhesives (PVAc, VTKA and UF) on white oak cut tangentially and radially impregnated with Protim WR 230, CCA, and Celcure AC 500 and exposed to humid-water-heat resistance and heating and cooling tests. Impregnation chemicals have decreased the bonding strength, and control samples gave higher bonding strength value. According to the control samples, it can be said that humid-resistance test, water-resistance test, heat-resistance test have decreased the bonding strength. As a result of the tests, white oak cut tangentially and impregnated with Protim WR 230 and bonded with VTKA adhesive can be used as a material in damp condition where the strength is required.Öğe Bonding strength of wood materials bonded with different adhesive after aging test(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2010) Uysal, Burhanettin; Kurt, Seref; Yildirim, Mehmet NuriIn this study, it is aimed to describe the effects of adhesives (PVAc, Desmodur-VTKA and phenol formaldehyde) on Uludag fir (Abies Bornmullerina M.) and Oriental beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) cut tangentially and exposed to heating tests (40, 60, and 80 C) and heating duration (30, 60 and 90 days) and controls. Consequently, when compared to control samples, the highest decrease of 26.2% in average with Oriental beech and 18.5% in average with Uludag fir was obtained with the samples bonded with D-VTKA adhesive kept for 90 days. At high temperatures phenol formaldehyde adhesives can be advised as the building material used for long terms. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Borik asit ilave edilen bazı tutkalların kayın odununun yanma özelliklerine etkisinin belirlenmesi(2014) Yuca, Bilal; Kurt, Seref; Korkmaz, Mustafa; Keskin, Sema AysalAğaç malzeme, doğal olması nedeniyle daima insanoğlunun yakınlık duyduğu ve pek çok alanda çokfarklı amaçlarla kullandığı bir malzemedir. Bu çalışmada, kayın odunu örneklerinden elde edilen deneyörnekleri ASTM-E-69, TS 3891 standartlarında verilen esaslara göre hazırlanmış ve daha sonra borik asitkatkılı fenol formaldehit, üre formaldehit ve PVAc tutkalları ile lamine edilmiştir. Daha sonra elde edilenlamine ağaç malzemelerin yanma direnci özellikleri araştırılmıştır.Yanma deneyi için hava kurusu rutubetteki (% 12) taslaklar 4,5x19x1016 mm boyutlarındahazırlanmıştır. Daha sonra yapıştırma işlemleri uygulanmıştır. Bu amaçla, %5lik çözelti halindehazırlanan borik asitten fenol formaldehit, üre formaldehit ve PVAc tutkallarına % 5 oranında ilaveedilerek kullanılmıştır. ASTM-E 69 esaslarına göre yanma değerleri belirlenmiştir.Yanma olayında borik asidin yanmayı geciktirici bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapışma direncideney örnekleri, 5x18x150 mm boyutlarında hazırlanmıştır. Daha sonra yapıştırma işlemleriuygulanmıştır.Öğe Combustion properties of laminated veneer lumbers bonded with PVAc, PF adhesives and impregnated with some fire retardants(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2010) Kurt, Seref; Uysal, BurhanettinIn this study, the effects of impregnation materials di-ammonium phosphate, aluminium sulphate, potassium carbonate, calcium chloride, zinc chloride on combustion properties of 3 ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVL) produced from Walnut (Juglans regia L.) using phenol formaldehyde (PF), poly (vinyl acetate) have been investigated. The pressure-vacuum method was used for impregnation process. Combustion test was performed according to the procedure of ASTM-E 69 standards. During the test, mass reduction, temperature and released gas (CO, NO(x), SO(2), O(2)) were determined every 30s. As a result, zinc chloride was found to be the most successful fire-retardant chemical in LVL at PF adhesive. Since it diminishes combustion, the fire retardant of LVL produced from walnut using PF adhesive can be advised. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Öğe COMBUSTION PROPERTIES OF MULBERRY (MORUS ALBA L.) LAMINATED VENEER LUMBERS BONDED WITH PVAC, PF ADHESIVES AND IMPREGNATED WITH SOME FIRE-RETARDANTS(State Forest Products Research Inst, 2010) Kurt, Seref; Uysal, BurhanettinIn this study, the effects of impregnation materials di-ammonium phosphate, aluminium sulphate, potassium carbonate, calcium clorur, zinc clorur on combustion properties of 3 ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVL) produced from mulberry (Morus alba L.) by using of phenolformaldehyde (PF), poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) have been investigated. The pressure-vacuum method was used for impregnation process. Combustion test was performed according to the procedure of ASTM-E 69 standards. According to the test results zinc chloride was found to be the most successful fire retardant chemical in LVL with PF adhesive. Since zinc chloride diminishes combustion, LVL produced from mulberry with PF adhesive and impregnated with zinc chloride can be advised to be used as a fire resistant building material where required.Öğe Combustion Properties of Oak (Quercus robur L.) Laminated Veneer Lumbers Bonded With PVAc, PF Adhesives and Impregnated With Some Fire-Retardants(Vsp Bv, 2009) Kurt, Seref; Uysal, BurhanettinIn this study, the effects of impregnation materials - di-ammonium phosphate, aluminium sulphate, potassium carbonate, calcium chloride, zinc chloride - on combustion properties of 3-ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVL) produced from oak (Quercus robur L.) bound by phenol - formaldehyde (PF), or poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) have been investigated. The pressure-vacuum method was used for the impregnation process. Combustion test was performed according to the procedure of ASTM-E 69 standards. According to the test results, zinc chloride was found to be the most successful fire retardant chemical in LVL with PF adhesive. Since zinc chloride diminishes combustion, it is possible to advise the use of LVL produced from oak with PF adhesive and impregnated with zinc chloride as a fire retardant building material where required. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2009Öğe Compression Strength Perpendicular to Grain Characteristics of Impregnated Laminated Veneer Lumbers Exposed to Sea Water(Inst Forestry Lrcaf, 2016) Esen, Rasit; Kurt, Seref; Ozcan, CemalThe purpose of this study is to determine the compression strength perpendicular to grain of laminated veneer lumber exposed to sea water 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and obtained from Scots pine by using different adhesive and impregnating materials. While the highest compression strength perpendicular to grain is obtained from then unimpregnated samples, which are not exposed to sea water, with 39.56 N/mm(2) the lowest compression strength perpendicular to grain is obtained from the unimpregnated samples exposed to sea water for 12 months with 10.94 N/mm(2).Öğe Determination of Static Fatigue Performance of Upholstery Foams(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2012) Gok, Ayse; Yapici, Fatih; Gulsoy, Sezgin Koray; Kurt, Seref; Altun, Suat; Kilinc, Izham; Korkmaz, MustafaIn this study, change of hardness value of polyurethane foam used in furniture upholster was investigated. The dimension of test samples was determined that based on the surface of one seat 45x45x10 cm. The change of hardness value of test samples was determined after testing of fatigue performance applied to7000 times at 50, 70, 90 and 120 kg. Density value of test samples was determined. Result shown that the high density foam was affected less then low density foam during the fatique performance.Öğe Determination of the influence of some boric acid added adhesives on combustion properties of beech wood(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2014) Yuca, Bilal; Kurt, Seref; Korkmaz, Mustafa; Aysal, SemaWood is a material that is always sympathized by human beings due to its naturality and used for very different purposes in many areas. In this study, beech wood samples were prepared according to ASTM-E-69 and TS 3891 standards and laminated with boric acid added phenol-formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde and PVAc adhesives. Then, the combustion properties of wood material that was obtained from lamination were researched. For the combustion test, the air dried (12 %) samples were prepared in size of 4,5x19x1016 mm and then laminated. For that purpose, 5% solution of boric acid was added in the rate of 5% to phenol-formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde and PVAc adhesives. Combustion value was determined according to ASTM-E 69. In combustion case, it is determined that boric acid has a fire retardant efficacy. Bonding strength samples were prepared in size of 5x18x150mm. Then, gluing process was carried out.Öğe Dimensional Stability of Uludag Fir Wood Treated with Liquid Nitrogen after the Steam Test(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2012) Kurt, Seref; Ozcan, Suleyman; Yapici, Fatih; Likos, ErkanIn this study, the effect of liquid nitrogen on dimensional stability of Uludag fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf) wood after exposing to the steam test was determined. Test samples were treated with liquid nitrogen (LN) for 1, 4 and 10 hours. Subsequently both samples treated with liquid nitrogen and control samples were conditioned to 12 % MC. Dimensional stability of Uludag fir wood was measured after exposing to steam for 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours according to the procedure of TS EN 317. Consequently, different values of dimensional stability of specimens treated with liquid nitrogen were observed.Öğe Dimensional stability of uludag fir wood treated with liquid nitrogen after the steam test(2012) Kurt, Seref; Özcan, Süleyman; Yapıcı, Fatih; Lıkos, ErkanIn this study, the effect of liquid nitrogen on dimensional stability of Uludağ fir (Abies bornmüllerianaMattf) wood after exposing to the steam test was determined. Test samples were treated with liquid nitrogen(LN) for 1, 4 and 10 hours. Subsequently both samples treated with liquid nitrogen and control samples wereconditioned to 12 % MC. Dimensional stability of Uludağ fir wood was measured after exposing to steam for2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours according to the procedure of TS EN 317. Consequently, different values ofdimensional stability of specimens treated with liquid nitrogen were observed.Öğe Döşemelik süngerlerin statik yorma performanslarının belirlenmesi(2012) Gök, Ayşe; Yapıcı, Fatih; Gülsoy, Sezgin Koray; Kurt, Seref; Altun, Suat; Kılınç, Izham; Korkmaz, MustafaÇalışmada, mobilya döşemeciliğinde kullanılan poliüretan süngerlerin pnömatik bir sistem yardımıyla farklı ağırlıklarda yük uygulanarak sertlik değerlerinde meydana gelen değişimler incelenmiştir. Yapılan bu deney için, ortalama bir oturma yüzey alanı temel alınarak farklı yoğunluklara sahip süngerlerden 45x45x10 cm boyutlarında örnekler elde edilmiş, daha sonra bu örneklere 50, 70, 90, 120 kg gibi farklı ağırlıklarda 7000 kez tekrarlı yükleme işlemine tabi tutularak örneklerin sertlik değerlerinde meydana gelen değişimler belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda test örneklerinin yoğunlukları saptanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan yüksek yoğunluklu süngerlerin, yorma sonrasında sertlik değerlerinin düşük yoğunluklu süngerlere kıyasla daha az etkilendiği gözlemlenmiştir.Öğe Effect of adhesives on thermal conductivity of laminated veneer lumber(Wiley-Blackwell, 2008) Kurt, Seref; Uysal, Burhanettin; Ozcan, CemalIn this study, it is aimed to describe the effect of adhesives (PVAc-polyurethane and urea formaldehyde) on wooden materials (Scotch pine and oriental beech) cut tangentially and radially and layers in laminated veneer lumber (LVL; 3, 4, 5) on thermal conductivity. The lowest thermal conductivity of 0.105 kcal/(m h degrees C) was obtained in Scotch pine, cut tangentially, bonded with polyurethane, and three-layer LVL. The highest thermal conductivity of 0.159 kcal/m h degrees C was obtained in oriental beech, cut radially, bonded with PVAc, and five-layer LVL. Consequently, oriental beech wood cut radially and bonded with PVAc adhesive and five layers in LVL can be used as a material in construction where the thermal conductivity is required. Scotch pine wood cut tangentially and bonded with polyurethane adhesive and three layers in LVL can be used as a material in construction where the insulation is required. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe The Effect of Aging on Various Physical and Mechanical Properties of Scotch Pine Wood Used in Construction of Historical Safranbolu Houses(Zagreb Univ, Fac Forestry, 2014) Yorur, Huseyin; Kurt, Seref; Yumrutas, H. IbrahimWood has been a favourite construction material since the ancient times because of its natural beauty and excellent properties, such as high specific strength, heat insulation and ease of handling and processing. It was also used in Safranbolu, where Turkish Ottoman civil architectural samples have been carefully protected and preserved without losing their originality. It was inscribed to The World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1994. In this study, density, Brinell hardness and compression strength perpendicular to the grain of Scotch pine (Pinus Sylvestris Lipsky.) wood, from the floor joist of 10 different demolished historical Safranbolu houses for 10 different years, were determined and compared with those of wood from freshly cut trees. The highest decrease in compression strength perpendicular to the grain of salvaged Scotch pine wood used as floor joist for 210 years was nearly 27 percent lower than those of wood from freshly cut Scotch pine. The results indicate that the physical properties, Brinell hardness and compression strength perpendicular to the grain of the Scotch pine wood were significantly affected by the 210-year service life.Öğe Effect of dowels and adhesive types on withdrawal strength in particleboard and MDF(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Ozcan, Cemal; Uysal, Burhanettin; Kurt, Seref; Esen, RasitComposite materials and wooden dowels are being used increasingly in the construction of furniture frames and inner decoration. However, there is little information available concerning the withdrawal strength of various fasteners and in particular, dowels in these materials. The aim of this study was to determine the withdrawal strengths of 6, 8, and 10mm diameter dowels produced from different wood species bonded parallel or vertical to the surfaces of a medium-density fiberboard (MDF) or particleboard with poly vinylacetate or Desmodur (D-VTKA). According to TS 4539 standard, the effect of dowel species, direction of withdrawal, board type and the type of adhesive on the withdrawal strength were determined. The highest (8.35N/mm(2)) withdrawal strength was obtained for oak dowels bonded with D-VTKA adhesive vertically to the surface of MDF. This value is higher than the predictive expression that allows designers to estimate the withdrawal strength of dowels.Öğe THE EFFECT OF GRAIN ANGLE AND SPECIES ON THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SOME SELECTED WOOD SPECIES(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2011) Yapici, Fatih; Ozcifci, Ayhan; Esen, Rasit; Kurt, SerefIn this study the thermal conductivity of different wood materials was determined. For this purpose, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Uludag fir (Abies Bornmulleriana Matff), Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L), Oak (Quercus robur L.), and Chestnut of Anatolia (Castanea sativa Mill.) woods were used. In the test, the thermal conductivity of the woods was measured according to procedure of ASTM C 1113-99 standards. The lowest thermal conductivity was obtained in the perpendicular direction of Scots pine samples as 0.156 Kcal/mh degrees C. The highest thermal conductivity was obtained from perpendicular direction of samples in Oriental beech as 0.331 Kcal/mh degrees C.Öğe The Effect of Liquid Nitrogen on Retention in Uludag Fir Wood Treated with Boric Acid and Borax(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2012) Kurt, Seref; Ozcan, Cemal; Likos, Erkan; Korkmaz, MustafaIn this study, the effect of liquid nitrogen on retention of Uludag Fir wood after exposure to boric acid and borax was determined. Before treating with liquid nitrogen, specimens were conditioned to 4 different moisture contents (oven dry, 12%, 28%, and green). Liquid nitrogen treated specimens for 1 hour, 4 hours and 10 hours. Then, all specimens were conditioned to 12% moisture content (MC). Test specimens were exposed to chemicals such as borax and boric acid for three times: short (2 min), normal (1 hour) and long (1 week). Dipping method was used for the impregnation process. For control, specimens were treated with borax and boric acid without treating with liquid nitrogen. Consequently, there is a linear relationship between moisture content and retention. Since moisture content increases the amount of retention increases as well.
