Dynamic response, durability, and carbon footprint analysis of the marl clay treated with sodium lignosulfonate as a sustainable-environmentally friendly approach

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dc.authoridSalimi, Mahdi/0000-0003-0859-7326
dc.authoridVakili, Amir Hossein/0000-0001-8920-172X
dc.contributor.authorVakili, Amir Hossein
dc.contributor.authorKeskin, Inan
dc.contributor.authorSalimi, Mahdi
dc.contributor.authorKol, Hamiyet Sahin
dc.contributor.authorOnur, Mehmet Inanc
dc.contributor.authorAbdullah, Abdulhadi Imhmed Abdulsalam
dc.contributor.authorAwam, Awass Hamad Mohamed
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-29T16:00:30Z
dc.date.available2024-09-29T16:00:30Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentKarabük Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractIn the current study, the marl clay was improved by different contents of sodium lignosulfonate (NLS) and cured at different times and then, all samples were subjected to Bender Element (BE), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), and Brazilian Tensile Strength (BTS) tests considering two different dry condition (DC) and wet condition (WC). The durability of the samples was further controlled by a special technique, namely the soaking test. The carbon footprint analysis was undertaken for a low-volume trench project to address the sustainability benefits associated with replacing cement and lime as traditional stabilizers with NLS. The results show that the reuse of NLS as a non-traditional alternative for stabilizing marl soil can play an influential role in improving dynamic parameters as well as sustainable development. It has been observed that the CO2 emission decreases up to 5.6 and 4.4 times compared to lime and cement, respectively. Additionally, the use of NLS enhances the UCS by 249%, BTS by 208%, and small strain shear modulus by 117%. Furthermore, reducing the adverse effects of the WC on soil properties, among others, was the main finding of utilizing the NLS in marl stabilization with curing time. NLS-treated marl samples were able to preserve the integrity of their particles even after being soaked in water for a period of 3 weeks. In contrast, the particles of the untreated sample started to disintegrate within a few seconds of initiating the soaking test. Finally, possible equations correlating the dynamic and static moduli were reported in this study.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipKBU-BAP [KBUBAP-22-ABP139]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors of this study would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by KBU-BAP under grant number of KBUBAP-22-ABP139.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.pce.2024.103658
dc.identifier.issn1474-7065
dc.identifier.issn1873-5193
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85195483236en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2024.103658
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14619/5188
dc.identifier.volume135en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001252945800001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/Aen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherPergamon-Elsevier Science Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofPhysics and Chemistry of the Earthen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectMarl clayen_US
dc.subjectLignosulfonateen_US
dc.subjectStabilizationen_US
dc.subjectBender elementen_US
dc.subjectWet conditionen_US
dc.subjectSoaking testen_US
dc.titleDynamic response, durability, and carbon footprint analysis of the marl clay treated with sodium lignosulfonate as a sustainable-environmentally friendly approachen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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